The French-Indian War

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The French Indian War (1756 to 1763)
The Great War for Empire
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Learning Objectives

• Explain what caused the great contest for North
  America between Great Britain and France, and why
  Britain won.
• Describe Frances colonial settlements and their
  expansion, and compare New France with Britains
  colonies in North America.
• Explain how Britains colonists became embroiled
  in the home countrys wars with France.
• Describe the colonists role in the Seven Years
  War, and indicate the consequences of the French
  defeat for Americans.
• Indicate how and why the British victory in the
  Seven Years War became one of the causes of the
  American Revolution.

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Learning Objectives

• You will be able to compare/contrast the French,
  British, and Spanish colonies.
• You will be able to define what a world war is
  and defend why you think the F I was or was not
  a world war.
• Compare/contrast the reasons for unity and the
  reasons for disunity in the American colonies
  before and after the war.

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Was 1763 a "turning point" in
British-colonial relationships???
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North America in 1750
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1754 ? The First Clash
The Ohio Valley
British
French
Fort Necessity Fort
Duquesne George Washington
Delaware Shawnee Indians
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1754 ? Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin ? representatives from New
England, NY, MD, PA

• Albany Congress ? failed Iroquois broke off
  relations with Britain
  threatened to trade with
  the French.

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1755 ? British Decides to Eliminate French
Presence in North America
Gen. Edward Braddock ? evict the French from the
OH Valley Canada (Newfoundland Nova Scotia)

• Attacks OH Valley Acadia.

• Killed 10 miles from Ft. Duquesne ? by
  1500 French and Indian forces.

Only British Success ? expelled France from
Louisiana.
CAJUNS
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1756 ? War Is Formally Declared!
Lord Loudouin
Marquis de Montcalm
Native American tribes exploited both sides!
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British-American Colonial Tensions
British
Colonials

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

Methods ofFighting

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of
  colonials.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

MilitaryOrganization

• Drills tough discipline.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

MilitaryDiscipline

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

Finances

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants
  tea settings.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Demeanor
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1757 ? William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

• He understood colonial concerns.

• He offered them a compromise

- colonial loyalty military cooperation--gt
British would reimburse colonial assemblies for
their costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.
RESULTS? ? Colonial morale increased by 1758.
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1758-1761 ? The Tide Turns for England
By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France
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1763 ? Treaty of Paris
France --gt lost her Canadian possessions, most of
her empire in India, and claims to lands east of
the Mississippi River.
Spain --gt got all French lands west of the
Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida
to England.
England --gt got all French lands in Canada,
exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and
commercial dominance in India.
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North America in 1763
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Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the
Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged Englands debt.
3. Britains contempt for the colonials created
bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that amajor
reorganization of her American Empire was
necessary!
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Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the
first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all
the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the
British that would only intensify.
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The Aftermath Tensions Along the Frontier
1763 ? Pontiacs Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British gifts of smallpox-infected blankets
from Fort Pitt.
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Pontiacs Rebellion (1763)
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BACKLASH!
British ? Proclamation Line of 1763.
Colonials ? Paxton Boys (PA)
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For the first time, many colonists began calling
people who joined the non-importation movement,
"patriots!"