ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL IN INDIA

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ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL IN
INDIA
Dr. B. Sengupta Member Secretary Central
Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment
Forests) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun
Nagar Delhi 110 032 (INDIA) email
bsg1951_at_yahoo.com web http//www.cpcb.nic.in
Presentation at CAI ASIA Meeting on June 29,
2007 at CPCB, Delhi
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IMPORTANT STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION
IN INDIA
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• Emission standard for all major air polluting
  industries have been developed and notified.
• Enforcement of standard by SPCBs/PCCs through
  consent management.
• Environmental impact assessment including public
  consultations for all development projects.
• Road map for vehicular pollution control
  including vehicular exhaust standards (Bharat
  Stage I to Bharat Stage IV) have been evolved and
  upto Bharat Stage III have been implemented (II
  Cities).
• Fuel quality standard fuel quality
  specification have been evolved and notified.
• 323 manual and about 100 continuous air quality
  monitoring stations have been set up. The real
  time data posted in CPCB website regularly.

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• Implemented Corporate Responsibility for
  Environmental Protection (CREP) agreement for air
  pollution control from 17 categories of highly
  air polluting industries.
• Demonstration plant / pollution prevention
  technology have been set-up for air pollution
  control from small scale industries.
• Action plan prepared for air pollution control
  from 16 cities which are being implemented by
  concern SPCBs.
• Fly ash utilisation enhanced from 2 million
  tonnes to 45 million tonnes per annum during 2006
  2007. Present generation of fly ash is about
  112 million tonnes.
• Source Apportionment Studies in six cities for
  RSPM initiated.

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• Industry specific
• Oil Refinery (SO2 control, emission of SO2
  restricted to One tonne/hr.)
• Integrated steel plant (sinter plant, blast
  furnace and emission control)
• Aluminium Plant (Prebaked technology, flouride
  emission restricted to 0.8 kg/tonne)
• Coke Oven (Non Recovery Plant, Non Recovery unit
  with power generation promoted).
• Copper and Zinc Metallurgical industry (SO2
  emission restricted to 1.5 kg/tonne).
• Petrochemical industry (VOC/BTX emission
  control).
• Incinerator (common / industry specific
  incinerator) standards finalised.

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CURRENT ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL IN INDIA
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• Air Pollution Control from Coal based Power
  Station in India
• Area Singrauli, Korba, Talcher, Ib
  Valley.Issues Fly Ash Management,
  SO2/F.Control, clean coal technology issues.
• Air Pollution Control for 24 critically polluted
  areas
• Vapi, Ankleshwar, Surat, Cuddalore, Manali,
  Baroda, Medak, Pattancheru, etc.
• Industry Dye and Dye Intermediate, Pesticide,
  Drug and Pharmaceuticals, etc.
• Pollutants (HAP, VOC, BTX, HC, Odour, etc.)
• Air Pollution Control in Sponge Iron Plants
• Large no. of plants located at Chattisgarh,
  Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh
  
• Dust Emission (Kiln), Char emission control from
  cooler side
• Issue WHRB and FBC Boiler (for char use)

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• 4. Air Pollution Control from Integrated Steel
  Plant
• Issues Big capacity steel plants (Orissa,
  Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand)
• Pollution due to Iron Ore Mining.
• Coke Oven Plants (toxic pollutants emission).
• 5. Air Pollution Control from SSI Units
• Stone Crusher, Lime Kiln, Steel furnace / Boiler,
  Reverberating Furnace, Steel rolling mills.
• Enforcement of Standard is weak in case of SSI
  units.
• 6. Air Pollution Control (vehicular emission)
  from 16 cities / Action on plan implementation
• 7. Vehicular Pollution Control (NOx, PM10/PM2.5
  Issues)
• Effective promote of Clean Coal Technology.
• Air Pollution Control from Municipal Solid Waste
  landfills
• Adulteration of liquid fuels.

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OPTIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL IN INDIA
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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

• Strengthening the monitoring and enforcement of
  emission standards for both point and non-point
  sources
• Prepare and implement action plans for major
  cities for addressing air pollution for both
  point and non-point sources.
• Strengthening efforts for partial substitution of
  fossil fuels by bio-fuels.
• Toxic / hazardous air pollution monitoring and
  control in chemical industrial zones and
  critically polluted areas.
• Monitoring of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) in
  major industrial sectors like pesticides,
  pharmaceuticals, dyes and dye intermediates, etc.

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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (contd..)

• Promotion of clean transportation fuel like
  bio-diesel, etc.
• Shifting from manual air quality monitoring to
  continuous air quality monitoring systems.
• Source apportionment studies for RSPM and NOx for
  all major non-attainment cities.
• Introduction of clean process technology for
  highly air polluting industrial sectors like Coke
  oven plants, Aluminium industry, Thermal power
  plants, Sponge Iron Plants.
• Networking of existing manual and continuous air
  quality monitoring stations and data transmission
  from all automatic and manual stations through
  environmental data bank on daily basis at CPCB
  website.

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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (contd..)

• Undertaking of monitoring of Fine Particulate
  Matter PM2.5 in urban areas.
• Extending network of National Air Quality
  Monitoring Programme (NAMP) to Class-I cities,
  metro cities and State Capitals.
• Undertaking health related studies and evolving
  air pollution control plans.
• Preventing burning of low-grade fuel / unapproved
  fuel in urban areas to prevent air pollution
• Review of existing air quality standards
  development for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
  for PM2.5.
• Air Pollution Control from 17 categories of
  highly polluting Industries as per CREP agreement

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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (contd..)

• Fuel Quality monitoring/surveillance
• Introduction of IM System for in-use vehicles
• Setting up Regional Calibration Laboratories
• Air pollution Control from Small Scale Air
  polluting Industries (Brick Kiln, Foundry, Sponge
  Iron Plants, Lime Kilns, Ceramic Industries etc.)
• Comprehensive apportionment studies for RSPM and
  NOx in 16 highly air polluting cities
• Promotion of clean coal technologies (PFBC, AFBC,
  CFBC, Coal gasification, etc).
• Promotion of public private partnership in Air
  Quality Monitoring.

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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (contd..)

• Fuel Quality monitoring/surveillance
• Introduction of IM System for in-use vehicles
• Setting up Regional Calibration Laboratories
• Air pollution Control from Small Scale Air
  polluting Industries (Brick Kiln, Foundry, Sponge
  Iron Plants, Lime Kilns, Ceramic Industries etc.)
• Comprehensive apportionment studies for RSPM and
  NOx in 16 highly air polluting cities
• Promotion of clean coal technologies.
• Promotion of public private partnership in Air
  Quality Monitoring.