Some Environmental Issues

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Some Environmental Issues Business
Opportunities in Indian IndustryS.Padmanaban,
USAIDUS-INDIA BUSINESS SUMMITIndustry Breakout
Session EnvironmentNovember 30, 2006Mumbai
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History of USAID/Indias Energy/Environment
Programs

• 1960s/70s construction of 15 thermal power
  plants and several hydro projects.
• 1980s moved on to science and technology
  development in the eighties.
• 1990s focused on privatization and technology
  commercialization in the early nineties.
• 1998 GHG emissions reductions in the energy
  sector - main focus since the sanctions.
• Today electricity distribution reform,
  water-energy, methane-to- markets, municipal
  services

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KEY PROGRAMS IN ENVIRONMENT ENERGY

• ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• CLEAN COAL
• WATER- ENERGY NEXUS
• POWER DISTRIBUTION
• DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
• SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

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1. Industrial Hazardous Waste Management

• Major issues in India
• 30 million tons of waste generated apart from fly
  ash (2003 data)
• 8 million tons of hazardous waste
• Key issues
• Lack of secure landfills and Treatment, storage
  and disposal facility (TSDF)
• Only 11 TSDFs in India
• Lack of incineration facilities
• Lack of waste handling and management systems

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Industrial Hazardous Management

• Opportunities
• Technical assistance in designing operation of
  landfills
• Technologies for waste minimization and recycling
  related services

Hazardous waste disposal industry in the industry
sector is worth about 200 million
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2. Cost-Effective Potential for Improving Energy
Efficiency of Products in India
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Energy Efficiency Market Assessment Industrial
SectorInvestment Opportunity 10 billion
H M L
L M H
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3. Utilisation of wastes in cement plants

• Waste utilisation in cement plants in India
• Almost nil except fly ash and gypsum
• US/Japan and European Cement plants
• Use 80 of waste as fuel
• 450 kg of waste is used as raw material for
  production of one ton of Cement production in
  Japan
• Tremendous potential in India
• Waste utilization technology
• Waste processing equipment
• Key requirement
• Suitable legislation for waste processing in
  Cement industry

Indian cement plants can absorb 14 million tons
of hazardous waste /year
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4. Air pollution

• Air pollution
• Major issue in India
• Potential opportunities
• Nox/Sox control systems
• VOC control technologies in chemical plants and
  automobile industry
• Reducing respirable suspended particular matter
  in several industries
• General dust control systems
• Other technologies for gas (H2S, C2S, Acid fumes)
  emission control

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5. Water pollution and treatment

• Non availability of water to industry in India
• Water pollution
• Industrial water pollution
• Only 60 industrial effluents of large medium
  scale industries are treated (PCB Data)
• Municipal water pollution
• 25 water in metro municipalities treated and
  less than 5 reused
• Other municipalities and towns very little or no
  treatment
• Potential opportunities
• Water treatment technologies for industries and
  municipality
• Membrane technologies / bio reactors

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Water pollution and treatment..

• Potential Opportunities..
• Technologies for recycling of water and zero
  discharge options in industry / municipality
• Bio gas generation through anaerobic treatment
  of municipal / industrial waste water
• Technologies for handling membrane waste water
• Water saving devices and equipment

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6.Service Providers for Utility Heat Rate
Improvements

• EE RM in Indian coal-fired utilities
• Private Sector Services to include
• - Advanced diagonistics
• - Energy audit services
• - Environmental monitoring
• - Low carbon options
• - OM services
• Funding Proposed IBRD funding 120 million
  loan 45 million GEF grant
• Targeted Capacities for EERM 650 MW

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7. Opportunities in Building Sector

• Construction contributing 10 to National GDP
  (500 Billion USD)
• Growth rate 9.2 vis-à-vis 5.5 Global average
• Sectors to watch for
• IT / IT Enabled Services
• Commercial buildings
• Infrastructure (Airports, Roads, etc.,)
• Residential

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Availability Of Green Materials
Issues
Possible Solution

• Green materials are not readily available
• Certified wood
• Waterless urinals
• High albedo materials
• High recycled content materials
• High performance glass
• Low VOC materials
• Testing and certification facilities not
  Available
• Eg., Cooling towers, Chillers

• Solutions sought
• Incubation of Green Building materials
• Display in GBC Technology Centre
• Type testing for equipment
• Green Building materials Meet
• Green Building Congress

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Success Stories in India

• Waterless urinals
• 2001 Awareness Nil
• 2005 Three major players (EID Parry, Hindware,
  Falcon have the major market share)

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Success Stories in India

• CRI Certified carpets
• 2001 Awareness nil
• 2005 Interface, Milliken, Shaw carpets

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Opportunities

• Materials Equipment
• Composting toilets
• Waterless urinals
• Low VOC adhesives sealants
• CRI certified carpets
• FSC Certified wood
• High albedo roofing material
• BIPV
• CTI certified cooling towers
• Living machines, etc.,.

• New Services
• III Party Commissioning
• Energy simulation
• LEED Facilitation services
• LEED-India (to be launched shortly)

Green building products 350 Million USD by 2012
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Energy Efficiency in the Indian Cement Industry

• Wide range in energy intensity in Indian cement
  industry
• Some of the most efficient plants in the world
  are in India
• - Only 5 are inefficient wet kilns (vs. 18 in
  the U.S.)
• Energy savings and emission reduction possible
  through
• Improved energy efficiency
• Increased blending of cement
• Use of alternative fuels
• Waste heat power generation

Source Sathaye et al. (2005)
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