VIKINGS ATTACK

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VIKINGS ATTACK

• Between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1000 VIKINGS attacked
  and looted church monasteries.
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• The church began to fall apart Popes became
  immoral, bishops became more focused on their
  feudal positions than on their spiritual duties,
  etc

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THE AGE OF FAITH

• Beginning in the 1000s a
• spiritual revival spread across
• Europe. Led by monasteries,
• the reformers called for a
• return to the basics of Christianity.
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• As the church began to reform itself a new age of
  religion was born called The Age of Faith.

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SOCIETY THE CHURCH

• The church was upset by three major problems in
  society
• 1.      Priests married and had families
• 2.      Positions in the church were being SOLD
  by bishops ( called simony)
• 3.      Kings were in control of bishops church
  believed they should have authority over choosing
  bishops.

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REFORM BEGINS!

• The monks in monasteries throughout Europe began
  to outline plans for reform.
• As a sign of reform, the church
• built massive Cathedrals as
• their new cities of God,
• or places of worship.
• A new type of Architecture
• developed called GOTHIC
• named after the
• Germanic tribe known for
• invading Rome, GOTHIC cathedrals
• reached towards the heavens.

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THE AGE OF FAITH INSPIRES CONQUEST

• In 1093 the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus
  wrote a letter that eventually was read by Pope
  Urban II. The letter asked for help in fighting
  the Muslim Turks who were threatening to conquer
  the capital, Constantinople. 
• In response Pope Urban II issued a call for a
  HOLY WAR, or a crusade to gain control of the
  Holy Land.
• Over the next 200 years a number of such crusades
  were launched.
• The goal was to recover Jerusalem and the Holy
  Land from the Muslim Turks.

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THE RELIGIOUS SPIRIT OF THE CRUSADES

• Lords, and peasants alike
• joined in the support for a religious
• crusade. They wore red crosses
• on their tunics worn over their
• armor and the battle cry of
• God wills it!
• Many of these excited
• crusaders would end up giving
• their lives for the cause! 
• According to Pope Urban II
• any knights that died on Crusade
• were assured a place in heaven.
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• 1st The crusaders were not prepared for their
  holy war in the first crusade. They were not
  familiar with the geography, climate or culture
  of the Holy Land. They had no grand strategy to
  capture Jerusalem. However, on July 15, 1099
  they were able to capture the city of Jerusalem.

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• 2nd In 1144 Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim
  Turks the second crusade was launched to get it
  back! The Christian armies were defeated when a
  Muslim leader named Saladin, took over Jerusalem.

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• 3rd The third crusade began with the goal of
  recapturing Jerusalem. The European leader,
  Richard the Lion Hearted was matched up against
  Saladin the Muslim leader. The battle between
  the two raged on until 1192 when the two leaders
  decided to a truce.

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• 4th In 1198 Pope Innocent III appealed for yet
  another crusade to capture Jerusalem this
  crusade was marked by politics and corruption
  between the Italians and the Byzantines. The
  4th crusade ended when the city of Constantinople
  was looted. This caused the divide between the
  Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Roman
  Catholic Church to become even wider!

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The Spanish Inquisition Another Crusade

• Muslims had controlled most of Spain until the
  1100s. The Reconquista was an effort to drive
  the Muslims out of Spain for good. In 1492,
  Granada fell to the Christian army of Ferdinand
  and Isabella, the Spanish monarchs.
• The Spanish Inquisition
• Ferdinand and Isabella
• held a tribunal through
• the churches. The purpose was to
• find people guilty of heresy, or going
• against the church. The Inquisitors
• suspected Jews and Muslim converts
• to Christianity to be heretics.
• Suspects were usually burned at the stake.

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The Effects of the Crusades

• Failures during the crusades lessened
• the power of the pope
• Weakened feudal system
• Crusades stimulated trade
• Muslims and Christians became
• very bitter towards one another