Harvard Referencing

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Harvard Referencing

• For Dance students

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Why is Harvard referencing needed?

• Evidence of background reading
• Acknowledge the research of others
• Avoid accusations of plagiarism
• Easy to trace the background research used
• Helps other researchers

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Plagiarism is

• "the substantial unacknowledged incorporation in
  a student's work of material derived from the
  work (published or unpublished) of another.
  "Work" includes internet sources."
• (Leeds Metropolitan University, 2001)

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How does referencing work?

• There are 2 elements to referencing other
  peoples work
• In-text citation
• In the body of the text or in the middle of
  your essay or report, when you refer to someones
  ideas
• Full reference in the bibliography
• At the back of your work when you list
  everything you have referred to in full

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Citing in the text direct quotes

• Name, Year Page number appear in brackets
• The media has a role in defining what we
  think of as a natural.it helps to map out who we
  think we are (Root 2001, p.12)

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Citing in the text - paraphrasing

• Authors surname and year of publication in
  brackets
• Liebert and Baron (1997) concluded in a
  laboratory situation, that watching a violent
  programme or scene made children more willing to
  be aggressors.
• However, other researches have concluded that
  television has little or no discernible influence
  over the viewer (Bulmer, 1992).

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Citing in the text multiple authors

• 3 or fewer authors
• Cutler, Williams Williams (1989)
• 4 or more authors
• Matlock et al. (1996)

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The bibliography

• Alphabetical list at the end of your work
• The bibliography gives the FULL reference
• The following formulas are to make sure that you
  do not miss out a crucial fact and then fail to
  trace that work again

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Book

• Author(s), editor(s) or corporate author (usually
  an organisation)
• Year of publication in round brackets
• Title (this should include the subtitle) - in
  bold, italics or underlined, followed by a full
  stop.
• If not the first edition, 2nd ed., 3rd ed. etc.
• Series and volume number (if any) followed by a
  full stop.
• Place of publication followed by a colon
• Publisher followed by a full stop.

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Book example

• In-text citation
• This theory is explored in detail by Adair
  (2007).
• Full reference
• Adair, C. (2007) Dancing the black question
• the Phoenix dance company phenomenon.
• London Dance Books.

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Some examples

• One author
• Allen, D. (2000) Performing Chekhov. London
  Routledge.
• Two authors
• Oddey, A. White, C. (2001) The potentials of
  space the theory and practice of scenography and
  performance. Bristol Intellect.
• Three authors
• Santelli, R., George-Warren, H. Brown, J.
  (2001) American roots music. New York Abrams.
• Four and more authors
• Nettl, B. et al (1998-2002) The Garland
  encyclopedia of world music. New York Garland.
• Editors
• Aston, E. Harris, G. eds. (2006) Feminist
  futures? theatre, performance, theory.
  Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.
• Series
• Banes, S. Lepecki, A. (2006) The senses in
  performance. Worlds of performance. London
  Routledge.

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Chapter in a book

• Author of chapter/section
• Year of publication in round brackets
• Title of chapter/section followed by a full
  stop.
• The word In
• Editor(s) of collected work followed by ed(s).
• Title of collected work underlined, in bold, or
  in italics and followed by a full stop.
• Place of publication followed by a colon
• Publisher followed by a comma,
• Page numbers of section referred to followed by
  a full stop.

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Chapter in a book - example

• Banes, S. (2001) Choreographic methods of the
  Judson Dance Theatre. In Dils, A. Albright,
  A.C. eds. Moving history/dancing cultures a
  dance history reader, pp. 350-361. Middletown,
  Conn. Wesleyn University Press.

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Journal article

• Author(s) or editor(s)
• Year of publication in round brackets
• Title of the article followed by a full stop.
• Title of the journal - bold, in italics or
  underlined, followed by a comma
• Volume number
• Part number in round brackets, followed by a
  comma if no month or season
• Month or season if any, followed by a comma,
• Page numbers of the article, followed by a full
  stop.

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Journal example

• In-text citation
• Abrams (2008) refers to the personal
  relationship built up with the artists when
  watching dance over a number of years.
• Full reference
• Abrams, J. (2008) The contemporary moment of
  dance restaging recent classics. PAJ the
  journal of performance and art, 90, pp. 42-51.

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Electronic journal

• Author(s) or editor(s)
• Year of publication in round brackets
• Title of article followed by a full stop.
• Title of the journal - bold, in italics or
  underlined
• The word Internet in square brackets, followed by
  a comma,
• Volume number
• Part number in round brackets, followed by a
  comma,
• Page number(s) followed by a full stop.
• The words Available from, followed by a colon
• The url (the Internet address) within chevrons
• The word 'Accessed' and the date on which you
  viewed the article, in square brackets, followed
  by a full stop.

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Electronic journal example

• In-text citation
• Ballets Russes influenced perceptions of dance
  (Jowitt, 2009).
• Full reference
• Jowitt, D. (2009) The Ballets Russes revolution.
  Dance magazine Internet, 83 (2), pp. 26-30.
  Available from lthttp//search.ebscohost.com/login.
  aspx?directtruedbibhAN36404011siteehost-liv
  egt Accessed 26 February, 2009.

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Website

• Author or editor
• Year in brackets
• Title - bold, in italics or underlined
• The word Internet in square brackets.
• Place of publication followed by a colon
• Publisher followed by a full stop.
• The words Available from followed by a colon
• The Internet address (url) in chevrons
• The word Accessed and the date on which the web
  page was viewed, in square brackets followed by a
  full stop.

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Website example with an author

• In-text
• Schall (2009) points out that Sue Nyes work as a
  choreographer is underpinned by her professional
  performing career.
• Full reference
• Schall, A. (2009) Featured choreographer Sue
  Nye Internet. London Dance UK. Available from
  lthttp//www.danceuk.org/metadot/index.pl?id25110
  isaCategoryopshowgt Accessed 9 March 2009.

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DVDs and videos

• Title underlined, in bold, or in italics and
  followed by a full stop
• Year in round brackets
• Subsidiary originator (this is optional but the
  director is preferred note that the directors
  name is not written surname first) followed by
  a full stop.
• Place of production followed by a colon
• Organisation
• Medium and then format separated by a colon, in
  square brackets and followed by a full stop

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DVD and video examples

• Dancing nation four people, four stories, four
  communities. (2001) Directed by Rosemary Lee
  Peter Anderson. Leicester Foundation for
  Community Dance videoDVD.
• Signal. (2005) Choreographed by Henri Oguike.
  Leeds Phoenix Dance videoVHS.

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Live dance performance

• Choreographer
• Year of performance (in round brackets)
• Title of performance (in bold, italics or
  underlined, and followed by a full stop)
• The dance company, followed by a full stop.
• Venue and place where performance was presented
• The day, month and year that you viewed the
  performance, followed by a full stop (in square
  brackets).

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Live performance example

• In-text citation
• The performance of Tharp's work was packed with
  exhuberant energy (In the upper room, 2007).
• Reference list
• Tharp, T. (2007) In the upper room. American
  Ballet Theatre. Sadlers Wells, London 14
  February 2007.

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Further help

• York St John Harvard Guide to Referencing
• - access on the York St John website
• lthttp//www.yorksj.ac.uk/library/guide/citing/inde
  x.aspxgt
• For further help contact Lottie Alexander at
  l.alexander_at_yorksj.ac.uk