THEMIS Extended Phase

1
ARTEMIS Lunar Exploration
THEMIS Extended Phase THEMIS baseline
ARTEMIS
2
Overview

• THEMIS prime (FY08, FY09)
• Overview, orbits, examples of data and
  discoveries
• THEMIS Extended Phase (FY10, FY11, FY12)
• Extended THEMIS Baseline (3 probes) ARTEMIS (2
  probes)
• Acceleration Reconnection, Turbulence and
  Electrodynamics of the Moons Interaction with
  the Sun
• The magnetosphere
• The solar wind
• The lunar wake
• ARTEMIS for Planetary
• Exospheric Composition, Sputtering Rates
• Crustal fields wake deformation
• Lunar interior sounding
• Summary

3
TIME HISTORY OF EVENTS AND MACROSCALE
INTERACTIONS DURING SUBSTORMS (THEMIS)

• PRIME MISSION (FY08 - FY09) SCIENCE GOALS
• Primary
• How do substorms operate?
• One of the oldest and most important questions
  in Geophysics
• A turning point in our understanding of the
  dynamic magnetosphere
• First bonus science
• What accelerates storm-time killer electrons?
• A significant contribution to space weather
  science
• Second bonus science
• What controls efficiency of solar wind
  magnetosphere coupling?
• Provides global context of Solar Wind
  Magnetosphere interaction

RESOLVING THE PHYSICS OF ONSET AND EVOLUTION OF
SUBSTORMS
FIVE PROBES LINE UP TO TIME ONSET AND TRACK
ENERGY FLOW IN THE TAIL
4
Mission overview Constellation in excellent
health
D2925-10 _at_ CCAS
Release
Probe instruments ESA ElectroStatic
Analyzer(coIs Carlson and McFadden)SST Solid
State Telescopes (coI Larson)FGM FluxGate
Magnetometer(coIs Glassmeier, Auster
Baumjohann)SCM SearchCoil Magnetometer (coI
Roux) EFI Electric Field Instrument (coI
Bonnell)
5
Prime mission orbits (FY07-FY09)
First 10 months(Feb 2007-Dec 2007)
First year baseline orbit (FY08)
2007-03-23
Tail 12008-02-02
2007-06-03
YGSE
Dayside 12008-08-08
Launch2007-02-17
2007-07-15
XGSE
Second year baseline orbit (FY09)
2007-08-30
2007-12-04
Tail 22009-02-18
Dayside 22009-09-16
6
First dissection of a detached FTE
Discoveries
Birth of storm-time ring current
Sibeck et al.,GRL, in press
Wang et al.,GRL, in press
Liu et al.,GRL, in press
First detection of remote signatures of
FTE's Dayside Traveling Compression Regions
7
New results (1st tail season)
Substorm trigger identified
Angelopoulos et al. submitted to Science
(embargo in effect)
8
THEMIS Extension (FY10,11,12)
9
ARTEMIS (P1,P2) FY10,11,12
FY10 Translunar injection FY11-12 6mo Lissajous
17 mo Lunar
10
ARTEMIS (P1,P2)

• In the Magnetosphere, study
• Particle acceleration X-line or O-line?
• Reconnection 3D character and global effects
• Turbulence Drivers and effects
• Result
• Reveal 3D distant tail, dynamics
• In conjunction with
• Solar wind monitors
• ACE, WIND, STEREO
• Inner magnetosphere monitors
• Cluster, Geotail, FAST

• Using the first
• Two point dX, dY measurements
• at scales from ion gyroradius to several RE

11
ARTEMIS (P1,P2)

• Using first of a kind
• two point measurementsat scales 1-10 RE, ideal
  for study of particle evolution in shocks, at
  foreshock and inertial range of turbulence

• In the Solar Wind, study
• Particle acceleration at shocks
• Nature and extent of elusive low-shear
  reconnection
• Properties of inertial range of turbulence
• Result
• Advance our understanding of particle
  acceleration and turbulence in Heliosphere
• In conjunction with
• Other solar wind monitors
• ACE, WIND, STEREO
• ARTEMIS is
• High-fidelity solar wind monitor
• In beacon mode if requested

12
ARTEMIS (P1,P2)

• At the Moon/Wake
• Study 3D structure and evolution of wake
• Result
• Advance our understanding of wakes at planetary
  moons, plasma void refilling around large objects
  (Shuttle, ISS, Hubble).
• to better separate lunar surface and
  interiorsignatures in the context of
  environmental influences

• Using first of a kind
• two point measurementsat scales 0.1-10 RE,
  ideal for two-point correlations within wake and
  between wake and solar wind

13
ARTEMIS and Lunar Exosphere
ARTEMIS mass spectrometryof pickup ions plotted
as protons

• Lunar Exosphere
• Study composition, distribution of exospheric
  ions
• Under a variety of solar wind conditions
• Comprehensive instrumentation, ample statistics
• Result
• Advance our understanding of lunarexosphere and
  its variability
• Goes beyond WIND observations

V?,y
H
V?,x
He
H2O
S
Solar Wind
ARTEMIS-2
Exospheric Pickup Ion
ARTEMIS-1
Hartle et al., 2005
14
ARTEMIS and Lunar Surface

• Lunar Surface
• Study composition and distribution of sputtered
  ions
• Understand crustal magnetic fields, surface
  charging
• Remotely sense surface properties of lunar
  regolith
• Result
• Advance our understanding of fundamental plasma
  interactions with planetary surfaces - with
  applications to Mercury, moons of Jupiter and
  Saturn, Pluto, KBOs, asteroids, etc.

• Using first of kind
• two point measurementsof ions and electrons
  near the Moon, with unprecedented energy coverage
  and resolution beyond LP electron reflectometry
  capability

Secondary electrons measured by Lunar Prospector
Halekas et al. 2008
Trace sputtered ions back to lunar surface
ARTEMIS
Secondary and photo-electrons accelerated from
charged lunar surface reveal regolith surface
properties
15
ARTEMIS and Lunar Interior

• Unanswered questions about the lunar interior
• Did the Moon form from a collision of Earth and a
  Mars size object?
• How much of the moon formed from Earth and how
  from the impactor?
• How deep was the lunar magma ocean? Does the Moon
  have a core?
• Previous induction studies (Apollo, LP) support
  the lunar magma ocean hypothesis but are
  ambiguous due of low signal/noise ratio
• ARTEMISs unique two point measurements allow us
  to separate external (inducing) and internal
  (induction response) fields at a wide range of
  frequencies, with much higher signal/noise ratio
• Waves of T0.1-1hr provide information on crust
  and upper mantle
• Waves of T1-5 hrs provide information on core
  (size, conductivity)
• Study response to lobe perturbations shocks and
  North-South crossings

P1
P2
Core?
16
ARTEMIS and Planetary

• In support of LRO
• ARTEMIS provide comprehensive monitoring of Lunar
  Space Environment
• Complements LRO/CRATER measurements below 200keV
• Supports LADEE and NASs Scientific Content of
  Exploration of the Moon to
• Understand the lunar atmosphere

17
Summary

• THEMIS has delivered on its promises
• Major discoveries from coast phase in GRL, JGR,
  SSR special issues
• THEMISARTEMIS Continue to fully embrace
  community
• All Data/Code Open Help line THEMIS_Software_Sup
  port Mirror sites proliferating in US, Europe
• ARTEMIS Important for Heliophysics
• ARTEMIS a new mission with very high science
  value per dollar
• In novel orbits, with comprehensive
  instrumentation
• Has tremendous potential to conduct key
  Heliophysics science from the moon
• Addresses important Planetary questions of the
  moon
• Supports major Lunar program missions (LRO, LADEE)