Dick Fisher (right)

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Earth-Sun System Division And The Vision for
Space Exploration
Dick Fisher (right) Director (acting) Earth Sun
Systems Division NASA HQ 19 Oct 2005
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EARTH SUN SYSTEM DIVISION FLIGHT PROGRAMS SCIENCE
MISSION DIRECTORATE
Earth Systematic (ES)
Living With a Star (LWS)
Explorers

• Solar Dynamics Observatory
• Space Environment Testbeds
• Radiation Belt Storm Probe

• GALEX (SMEX-7) (U)
• AIM (SMEX-9) (ESS)
• Swift (Midex-3) (U)
• THEMIS (Midex-5) (ESS)
• WISE (Midex-6) (U)
• TWINS (MO-2) (ESS)
• CINDI (MO-3) (ESS)
• ASTRO-E2 (MO-4) (U)
• EUSO (MO-5) (U)
• IBEX (SMEX-10) (ESS)
• NuSTAR (SMEX-11) (U)

• Glory
• LDCM
• GPM
• NPP
• Aura
• Aqua
• Terra
• ICESat
• SORCE
• EOSDIS

Solar Terrestrial Probe (STP)

• TIMED
• Stereo
• Solar B
• MMS

Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP)
GOES
Focused Physical Oceanography

• GOES-R
• GOES N-P

• CALIPSO
• CloudSat
• OCO
• Aquarius
• Hydros

• OSTM
• ACRIMSAT
• Jason

POES
Focused Atmos. Science Mission

• NOAA-N
• NOAA-N

5GO

• Deep Space
• Ulysses
• Voyager I II

• L1
• SOHO
• ACE
• Near Earth
• TRACE
• RHESSI
• FAST
• POLAR
• WIND
• IMAGE
• CLUSTER

• SAGE III

Decomission List
Suborbital

• ERBS
• UARS

• Aircraft
• UAV
• Sounding Rocket

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Response of the Earth Sun System Division to new
directions For NASA 1. Craft a strategic
Research Plan that achieves high priority
national scientific goals and optimally supports
the Vision for Exploration (ROADMAP)
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Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap Knowledge
for Exploration

• Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the
• Sun and its effects on
• Earth,
• the solar system,
• the space environmental conditions that will be
  experienced by human explorers, and
• demonstrate technologies that can improve future
  operational systems

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Approach to Identify Priority Science Targets

• Predictive capability for safe and productive
  exploration requires full understanding of a
  complex system of disparate systems
• Priority goals enable significant progress in
  three essential areas Understanding,
  Exploration, and Discovery

• For example, discovery of near-Sun processes by
  Solar Probe provides transformational knowledge
  of the source of space weather enabling explorers
  to work safely and productively beyond Earth's
  magnetic shield

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External and Internal Factors

• We are poised to transform knowledge and provide
  predictive understanding of the SSSC system

• Our technological society needs space weather
  knowledge to function efficiently
• Human beings require space weatherpredictions to
  work safely and productively in space

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Nature of the Challenge

• A quantitative, predictive understanding of a
  complex system of systems
• Microphysical processes regulate global
  interplanetary structures
• Multi-constituent plasmasand complex
  photochemistry
• Non-linear dynamic responses

• Integration and synthesis of multi-point
  observations
• Data assimilative models theory
• Interdisciplinary communities and tools

Solar CME engulfing the Earth
http//sun.stanford.edu/roadmap/NewZoom2.mov
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We Have Already Begun!
Space Storms at Earth
Disturbed Mars-Space Atmospheric Loss
Dangerous Radiation
Space Storms at the Outer Planets
Disturbed Upper Atmosphere
Solar System Blast Wave

• Current Sun-Earth missions provide a prototype
  5th Great Observatory, providing a first look
  at the system level view and informing the
  roadmap plan
• Theory, modeling, and observational tools now
  exist or can be developed to yield both
  transformational knowledge of the Sun-Earth
  system and provide needed tools and space weather
  knowledge for human exploration and societal
  needs
• The 5th Great Observatory must adapt as new
  questions and capabilities arise.

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Objectives
Agency Strategic Objective Explore the Sun-Earth
system to understand the Sun and its effects on
the Earth, the solar system, and the space
environmental conditions that will be experienced
by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies
that can improve future operational systems
Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction
Understand the fundamental physical processes of
the space environment from the Sun to Earth, to
other planets, and beyond to the interstellar
medium
Understand the Nature of Our Home in Space
Understand how human society, technological
systems, and the habitability of planets are
affected by solar variability and planetary
magnetic fields
Safeguard Our Journeys
Maximize the safety and productivity of human and
robotic explorers by developing the capability to
predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in
space
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From Goals to Implementation
Phase 1 Sun-Earth-Moon System Characterization of
System
Phase 2 Sun - Terrestrial Planets Modeling of
System Elements
Phase 3 Sun-Solar System System Forecasting
Joint Sun-Earth Science
Forecast Hazards

• Predict solar, heliospheric stellar activity

• Physical models of important space weather
  processes

• Forecast space weather for society explorers

Model Systems
Characterize Environments

• Sample interstellar medium

• Measure near-Sun space environment

• Drivers of climate and habitability

• Inner heliosphere radiation space weather
  forecasts

• Magnetic reconnection

• Impacts of solar variability on Earth Mars

• Atmospheric response to external drivers

Reliable Predictions for all Uses of Space

• Particle acceleration processes

• Drivers of cis-lunar space weather

Local Space Weather Forecasts for Operations
Space Weather Impacts on System Design
Informs Lunar Exploration
Informs Extended Human Exploration
Space Weather Operations

• Crew Exploration Vehicle
• Robotic Lunar Exploration

Human/Robotic Lunar Surface Exploration
Extended Human Operations on Lunar Surface
Human Exploration Near Mars or other solar
system locale
Human Exploration of Mars or other solar system
locale
Exploration Systems Timeline
2005 2015
2025 2035
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Sun-Solar System Mission RecommendationsCurrent
Budget Lines
In Development
Recommended
New Initiative
Partnership
Flagship missions and partnerships Recommendation
Obtain additional resources and work with
partners to implement these missions
Optimized program will require more resources
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Response of the Earth Sun System Division to new
directions for NASA 1. Craft a strategic
Research Plan that achieves high priority
national scientific goals and optimally supports
the Vision for Exploration (ROADMAP) 2. Develop
and maintain a robust, serviceable space
infrastructure .( PROGRAM ELEMENTS)
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Community Coordinated Modeling Center

• Facilitates Community Research
• Provides community use of TRT models
• Supports Transition to Space Weather
• Operations

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Project Columbia
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The 5 th Great Observatory

• Senior Review Scheduled for November 2005

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External Partnerships

• Partnership Forums
• International Living With a Star
• International Heliophysical Year
• Enabling Space Weather Predictions for the
  International Space Environment Service
• National Space Weather Program

• Future Partnership Missions
• Solar Orbiter (ESA)

• Current Partnership Missions
• Ulysses (ESA)
• SoHO (ESA)
• Cluster (ESA)
• Geotail (JAXA)
• Solar-B (JAXA)

• National Partners
• National Science Foundation
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Department of Commerce
• Department of Defense
• Department of Transportation
• Department of Energy
• Department of the Interior

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Technology Development

• Answering our science questions will sometimes
  require measurements at unique vantage points,
  within and outside the solar system
• Cost-effective, high-?V propulsion and deep
  space power
• CRM-1 High energy power propulsionadvanced
  RTGs
• CRM-2 In-space transportationsolar sails
• CRM-15 Nanotechnologycarbon nanotube membranes
• Large area coverage and space-time ambiguity
  resolution require simultaneous in-situ
  measurements using clusters constellations,
  combined with remote sensing (sensor webs)
• Compact, affordable instruments spacecraft
  low-power hi-rad electronics
• CRM-3 Advanced telescopes observatories
• Low-cost access to space (secondary payloads
  sounding rockets)
• CRM-10 Transformational spaceport
• Return ingest large data sets from throughout
  the solar system
• Next-generation or follow on to Deep Space
  Network
• CRM-5 Communication and Navigation
• Visualize, analyze and model space plasmas
• CRM-13 Advanced modeling/simulation/analysis
• New measurement techniques compact
  instrumentation, imagers
• Next generation of Sun-Solar System
  instrumentation
• CRM-3 Advanced telescopes and observatories
• CRM-11 Scientific instruments sensors

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Human Capital and Infrastructure
So that we may develop/maintain U.S. space plasma
and space weather prediction / mitigation
expertise, it is vital to provide a broad range
of competed funding opportunities for the
scientific community

• Science Investigations
• Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP)
• Living with a Star (LWS)
• Explorer Program
• Discovery Program
• Sun-Solar System Great Observatory

Enabling Capabilities Sounding Rocket/Balloon
Program Space Environment Testbeds (SET) Advanced
Technology Program Education and Public Outreach

• Research Programs
• Research and Analysis Grants
• Guest Investigator
• Theory Program
• Targeted Research Technology
• Project Columbia

• Develop IT, Computing, Modeling and Analysis
  Infrastructure
• Virtual Observatories
• Low Cost Access to Space
• Science, Training, Instrument Development
• E/PO to Attract Workers to Earth-Sun Systems
  Science
• Maintain Multiple Hardware Modeling Groups
• Strengthen University Involvement in Space
  Hardware Development
• Facilitate and Exploit Partnerships
• Interagency and International
• Upgrade DSN to Collect More Data Throughout the
  Solar System

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Education and Public Outreach

• Education and Public Outreach is Essential to the
  Achievement of the Exploration Vision
• Emphasis on workforce development
• Requires increase in the capacity of our
  nations education systems (K-16)
• Entrain under-represented communities in STEM
  careers (demographic projections to 2025
  underscore this need)
• Roadmap has focused on
• Close up look at the role national science
  education standards play in effectively
  connecting NASA content to formal education
• Importance of E/PO to achievement of Exploration
  Vision
• Identification of unique E/PO opportunities
• Articulation of challenges and recommendations
  for effective E/PO

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Response of the Earth Sun System Division to new
directions for NASA 1. Craft a strategic
Research Plan that achieves high priority
national scientific goals and optimally supports
the Vision for Exploration (ROADMAP) 2. Develop
and maintain a robust, serviceable space
infrastructure .( PROGRAM ELEMENTS) 3. Plan an
excuitable series of fight missions (FLIGHT
PROGRAM)
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NASA Science LaunchesESSD MISSIONS (CY04-CY10)
? Deep Impact ? NOAA N GOES N ST-6
CALIPSO CloudSat ? MRO TWINS-A CINDI
Astro-E2 SOFIA
STEREO New Horizons DAWN ST-5 THEMIS AIM
NPP TWINS-B SOLAR B
IBEX WISE ST-7 ST-8 SDO LRO OSTM GO
ES P Aquarius
KEPLER PhoenixLander GLAST NOAA N GOES
O OCO Herschel Planck
? GP-B ? Messenger ? SWIFT ? Aura ?
Rosetta
JUNO
LWS RBSP
MSL MarsTelecom LunarLander
ST-9 Hydros GPM
?
Airborne Msn
Us Inst. On Foreign Msn
? Success ? Failure
Foreign Msn on US LV
US Msn on US LV
US Msn on DoD LV
US Participation on Foreign Msn
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NASA Science LaunchesHELIOPHYSICS MISSIONS
(CY04-CY10)
? Deep Impact ? NOAA N GOES N ST-6
CALIPSO CloudSat ? MRO TWINS-A CINDI
Astro-E2 SOFIA
STEREO New Horizons DAWN ST-5 THEMIS AIM
NPP TWINS-B SOLAR B
IBEX WISE ST-7 ST-8 SDO LRO OSTM GO
ES P Aquarius
KEPLER PhoenixLander GLAST NOAA N GOES
O OCO Herschel Planck
? GP-B ? Messenger ? SWIFT ? Aura ?
Rosetta
JUNO
LWS RBSP
MSL MarsTelecom LunarLander
ST-9 Hydros GPM
?
Airborne Msn
Us Inst. On Foreign Msn
? Success ? Failure
Foreign Msn on US LV
US Msn on US LV
US Msn on DoD LV
US Participation on Foreign Msn
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Present into Future - A National Plan
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Is There Time to Learn Enough?
Exploration Plan
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Universal Structure and Processes

• Gravitationally Dominated
• Familiar Physics - Two forces
• Pressure
• Gravity

• Magnetically Driven
• Sun-Solar System Connection Physics - Three
  forces
• Pressure
• Gravity
• Magnetism

Galaxies Nebulae
Heliosphere
Stellar Magnetism
Space Weather
Stars/Sun
Total Solar Irradiance / Climate
Solar Variability
CMEs
Flares
Magnetars
Pulsars
Planets
Planetary Magnetospheres
Aurorae
Ionospheres Atmospheric Chemistry
The dynamic interplay between the three forces
(pressure, gravity, and magnetism) in the various
venues of the solar system - the Suns
atmosphere the interplay between the Sun and the
heliosphere the interfaces between planets,
their magnetospheres and the heliosphere and the
boundary between the solar system and the galaxy.
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• Heliophysics The investigation of
• the Sun,
• its effects on the planets of the solar
  system,and
• the structure and changing conditions of the
  space environment . . . including those
  experienced by human and robotic explorers.

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