Enlightenment and Revolution

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Enlightenment and Revolution

• An Age of Change

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Review

• List 3 Absolute Monarchs.
• How would you describe their personalities?
• Where had Absolutism taken root in the world
  (countries)?
• What ideas drove governments during the Age of
  Absolutism?
• Primary Source

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Preview

• Today, we will answer
• What was the Enlightenment?
• How did the world change because of the
  Enlightenment?
• Who was responsible for the Enlightenment and
  what were their ideas based on?
• How did the Enlightenment spread?

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Background

• Brainstorm at least five individual rights
  guaranteed to American Citizens.
• 4 Minutes
• These rights are guaranteed by?

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Bill of Rights
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Bill of Rights

• Establishment Clause Congress shall make no law
  respecting an establishment of religion, or
  prohibiting the free exercise thereof or
  abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press
  or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,
  and to petition the Government for a redress of
  grievances.
• Right to Bear Arms A well regulated Militia,
  being necessary to the security of a free State,
  the right of the people to keep and bear Arms,
  shall not be infringed.

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Bill of Rights

• Quartering of Troops No Soldier shall, in time
  of peace be quartered in any house, without the
  consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in
  a manner to be prescribed by law.
• Protection from Unreasonable Search and Seizure
  The right of the people to be secure in their
  persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
  unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
  violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon
  probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,
  and particularly describing the place to be
  searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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Bill of Rights

• Due Process No person shall be held to answer
  for any capital, or otherwise infamous crime,
  unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand
  Jury, except in cases arising in the land or
  naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
  service in time of War or public danger nor
  shall any person be subject for the same offence
  to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor
  shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a
  witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
  liberty, or property, without due process of law
  nor shall private property be taken for public
  use, without just compensation.
• Rights of the Accused In all criminal
  prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right
  to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial
  jury of the State and district where in the crime
  shall have been committed, which district shall
  have been previously ascertained by law, and to
  be informed of the nature and cause of the
  accusation to be confronted with the witnesses
  against him to have compulsory process for
  obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
  Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

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Bill of Rights

• Trial by Jury In suits at common law, where the
  value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars,
  the right of trial by jury shall be preserved,
  and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
  re-examined in any court of the United States,
  than according to the rules of the common law.
• Protection from Cruel and Unusual Punishment
  Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
  excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
  punishments inflicted.

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Bill of Rights

• Protection of Rights Not Enumerated in the Bill
  of Rights The enumeration in the Constitution,
  of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny
  or disparage others retained by the people.
• Power of the States and People The powers not
  delegated to the United States by the
  Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states,
  are reserved to the states respectively, or to
  the people.

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Summary of the Bill of Rights

• What does the U.S. Constitution do?
• What ideas does it stress?
• How are these ideas different than Absolutism?

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• Age of Enlightenment
• Definition The time period in which people
  tried to use reason in order to solve the
  problems of government and society.
• Begins in France in early 1700s.

Enlightenment (1700-1850)
Absolutism (1550-1800)
Age of Exploration (1400-1800)
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Enlightenment

• Think
• Reason, reason, reason
• Logic
• Individual Rights

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A Shift in Thought
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The Philosophy of Reason

• Philosophical Ideas
• Natural Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances
• Freedom of Thought
• Philosophes
• Lovers of Wisdom
• Philosophers with Enlightened ideas

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Break Time

• Stand Up!!!
• Talk!!!

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The Philosophy of Social Contract

• Thomas Hobbes
• Humans naturally evil
• Leviathan
• Social Contract to create order
• John Locke
• Humans naturally good
• Natural Rights
• Government responsible to its citizens

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The Philosophers of Reason

• Montesquieu
• Separation of Powers
• Branches of Government
• The Spirit of the Laws
• Voltaire
• Freedom of thought
• I do not agree with a word that you say, but I
  will defend to the death your right to say it.

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The Philosophers of Reason

• Diderot
• Encyclopedia
• Spread Enlightened ideas in France
• Rousseau
• People naturally good
• Society corrupts people
• Good of community comes first

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The Economics of Reason

• Adam Smith
• Wealth of Nations
• Free Market Economy
• Laissez-faire
• Let do. Let it be.
• Little government interference with business

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Women Enlightened!or not

• MenNatural Rights
• Women ? Men
• Therefore
• Women no natural rights!?!
• Women starting to question their role in society.

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The Enlightenment Spreads

• Ways the Enlightenment Spreads
• Salons
• Informal gatherings of enlightened thinkers
• Enlightened Despots
• Absolute Monarchs who used their power to bring
  about change.
• Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph
  II
• The Arts

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Review

• What was the Enlightenment?
• How did the world change because of the
  Enlightenment?
• Who was responsible for the Enlightenment and
  what were their ideas based on?
• How did the Enlightenment spread?

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Assignment

• Come prepared to answer
• How do you think the Enlightenment affected
  thoughts on religion?
• 2 Ideas
• 2 Sentences
• 2 Explanations
• Current Events Worksheet