Part 2 Colonial Society: 17151775

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Part 2Colonial Society 1715-1775

• American History 1700

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The Atlantic Migration
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The Atlantic Migration
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The Atlantic Migration

• Slavery
• The Middle Passage
• Olaudah Equiano's Account of His Enslavement

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African Slave Coast
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Enslavement in Africa
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The Middle Passage
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Slave Ships Hold
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Economics

• Subsistence Farming
• Self-sufficiency
• Commercial Trade
• Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
• Specialization and Trade
• Increases in the quantity of goods
• Increases in the quality of goods
• Increases in the variety of goods
• Capitalism (Market System)

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Colonial Products
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism
Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Memorandum on Trade
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The Great Awakening

• Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)
• George Whitefield
• Conversion Experience
• Equally Available to All
• New Lights
• Emotional Approach
• Spiritual Calling
• Old Lights
• Rational and Analytical Approach
• Formal Training

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Jonathan Edwards
Directions for Judging a Person's Experiences
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George Whitefield
Nathan Cole's Spiritual Travels
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Classical Liberalism
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The Enlightenment
Nature and nature's laws lay hid in nightGod
said "Let Newton be" and all was light. -- Pope
Sir Isaac Newton
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The Enlightenment

• Faith in Reason Replaces Faith in Authority
• Skeptical Doubt vs. Dogmatic Adherence to
  Aristotle
• Faith in Nature Replaces Faith in Tradition
• Observation and Experiment (Empiricism) vs.
  Church Doctrine
• Faith in Progress Replaces Faith in Continuity
• Mobile vs. Static (Great Chain of Being)

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The Enlightenment

• Social Enlightenment
• Natural Law
• The rules and behaviors, derived from reason,
  that allow progress toward human happiness
• Based on Gods (Natures) Higher Law
• Self Evident to all Reasonable Persons
• Classical Liberalism
• Equality (Egalitarianism)
• Liberty (Limited Government)

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Egalitarianism

• Unreasonable Distinctions and Arbitrary Rule
• Aristocracy
• Hierarchy
• Social Pyramid
• The Church
• Hierarchy
• Irrational Traditions and Superstitions
• The Monarchy

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Liberty Limited State

• Private Property
• Individual independent of the State
• Written Constitution
• Contract between people and rulers
• Right of Revolution
• Rule of Law
• Societys rules are predictable not arbitrary
• Societys rules apply to all equally

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Liberty Limited State

• Private Property
• Written Constitution
• Rule of Law
• Bill of Rights
• Individual liberties protected from Government
• Divided Power
• No single sovereign power
• Frequent Elections
• No hereditary or continuous rule

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John Locke, The Second Treatise on Government,
1688
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Lockes Ideas

• The State of Nature
• Equality of all
• Creation of Property
• Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property
• Social Contract
• Legislative
• Executive
• Right of Revolution

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Jefferson
Declaration of Independence
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The Country (or Whig) Philosophy

• Liberty is natural and cannot be a gift of the
  monarch
• Liberty is protected in England by dividing power
  three ways
• Monarch
• Parliament
• House of Lords
• House of Commons

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The Country (or Whig) Philosophy

• Liberty can be destroyed by corruption of the
  Parliament by the Monarch
• By places and pensions
• By establishing standing armies
• By creating national debts
• By raising excises
• Liberty requires an alliance with virtue for
  protection from corruption and power
• Because Whigs prefer virtue to power, they found
  outside the centers of power (the country)

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Coming of the Revolution
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French and Indian War 1756-1863
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French and Indian War
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Proclamation Line of 1763
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George Grenville

• Proclamation of 1763
• Currency Act
• Sugar Act
• Sam Adams
• Sons of Liberty
• Quartering Act

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George Grenville
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The Country (or Whig) Philosophy

• Charleston Non-Importation Agreement

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Sam Adams
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Stamp Act
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Patrick Henry at the Stamp Act Congress
John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer 2 and 4
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After the Stamp Act

• The Declaratory Act
• Boston Massacre
• Townshend Acts
• Boston Tea Party

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Boston Massacre
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James Townshend
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Boston Tea Party
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Fighting Begins

• General Gage
• Paul Reveres Ride
• Lexington
• Concord

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Paul Revere
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Paul Reveres Ride
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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Lexington
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Concord
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The End