Skeletal System

1
Skeletal System
2
Functions

• 1. Movement
• Strong framework on which muscles can act
• 2. Supports protects organs
• 3. Stores minerals
• calcium, phosphorus
• 4. Manufacture blood cells in bone marrow

3
Structure - 2 parts

• Axial skeleton
• Protection
• Vertebrae protect spinal cord
• Ribs/sternum protect heart and lungs
• Skull protects brain
• Appendicular skeleton
• Movement
• Shoulders, arms, hand, hips, legs and feet

4
Cartilage

• Lines the surface of joints so they move smoothly
• Cushions vertebrae
• Supports nose and ears
• Ossification
• Process by which bone is formed, renewed, and
  repaired

5
Movement

• Ligaments
• Bone to bone at a joint
• Prevents excessive movement
• Tendons
• Muscle to muscle
• Muscle to bone

Play the air piano!!what you see in your hands
are your tendons working
6
Care
99 of body calcium is in your bones!!!

• Nutrition minerals
• Calcium builds strong bones
• Found in dairy products
• During teen years, body builds most of its bone
  mass
• Phosphorus
• Combines with calcium
• Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese,
  broccoli
• Exercise
• Weight-bearing exercises increase bone mass
• Promotes blood circulation which increases bone
  nourishment

7
Problems

• Causes
• Poor nutrition, infections, sports injuries,
  accidents, poor posture

8
Fractures

• Fracture any type of break
• 2 types
• Closed
• Nothing protrudes/sticks out
• Open
• One or both bone ends project through skin
• Other classifications
• Hairline
• Incomplete-the two parts of bones dont separate
• Transverse
• Completely across the bone
• Comminuted
• Bone shatters into more than 2 pieces

9
Osteoporosis
Osteo bones Porosis full of holes

• Bone density decreases
• Bones become brittle and easily fractured
• Women are more vulnerable because of menopause

Osteoporosis
Normal Bone
Spine compression
10
Joint Injuries

• Bunion
• Painful swelling of the bursa in the first joint
  of the big toe
• Cause
• Wearing tight or high-heeled shoes
• Heredity (runs in families)

Bunion
11
Joint Injuries

• Arthritis
• Inflammation (swelling) pain of a joint
• Possible causes
• Wear and tear (old age)
• Congenital defects
• Trauma

12
Arthritis Pictures
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Normal Joint
Osteoarthritis
Inflamed Joint Capsule
Severe cartilage destruction
http//encarta.msn.com/media_461547526_761561517_-
1_1/Joint_Damage_Caused_by_Arthritis.html
13
Objectives

• Functions
• Name the 4 functions of the skeletal system.
• Name the minerals that are stored by the bones.
• Identify where blood cells are made.
• Structures
• Identify which division of the skeleton is for
  protection and which is for movement.
• Name 1 place cartilage is located and explain
  what it does.
• If you break a bone how does it heal? What is
  the process called?
• Explain the difference between a ligament and a
  tendon.

14
Skeletal System Objectives

• Care
• Name 2 foods that contain calcium.
• Name 2 foods that contain phosphorus.
• Identify the time of a persons life when the
  body builds most of its bone mass.
• Explain 1 way exercise helps to care for the
  bones.
• Problems
• Explain the difference between a open and closed
  fracture? Which has added complications?
• Identify hairline, transverse comminuted
  fractures from pictures of each.
• Explain what osteoporosis is.
• Explain how to prevent osteoporosis.
• Explain identify a picture of a bunion.
• Explain what arthritis is.
• Explain the difference between rheumatoid and
  osteoarthritis