East Asia and Modern Europe

1
East Asia and Modern Europe

• First Encounters
• Schirokauer Brown, Chapter 9

2
The Portuguese in East Asia

• Establish Asian headquarters at Goa in 1510
  captured Malacca in 1511
• Desire to break the Arab spice monopoly
• No European commodities of equal value (later new
  world silver come from Spanish) Portuguese
  become shippers
• ocean devils new barbarian that eats children
• 1557 Portuguese allowed to establish on Maco
  1887 Macao officially ceded to Portugal

3
Jesuits in Japan

• Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Ignatius Loyola founds Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
  in 1540
• 1549 Francis Xavier (later canonized) lands on
  Kyushu (map)
• Christianity well recd in Japan due to similar
  ethos and society
• Jesuits top down attitude

4
Sagoku (Closing of Japan)

• Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638)
• Uprising against taxation and suppression of
  Christianity
• 37,000 Christians lost their lives
• Europeans expelled from Japan Dutch restricted
  to Deshima in Nagasaki harbor (map)
• Dutch learning
• Japans closing far from complete

5
Jesuits in China

• Matteo Ricci
• Polymath Chinese impressed with knowledge
• Adopted Confucian garb
• Adam Schall von Bell
• Trained astronomer served as chief government
  astronomer

6
The Rites Controversy

• Question of proper attitude a Christian should
  adopt toward Confucianism, its doctrinces, and
  its practices
• Jesuits argued that Confucian rituals were not
  incompatible with Christianity
• Dominicans disagreed

7
Decline of Christianity in China

• 1704 Pope condemns Chinese rituals 1742 popes
  issues a decree that settled all points against
  the Jesuits
• Only those missionaries who condemned
  Confucianism sent obviously unacceptable to
  Emperor
• Christianity remained peripheral to Chinese
  cultural and intellectual life

8
Canton System

• Foreign merchants restricted to Canton
• Warehouse (factories) set aside for foreign use
• Families not permitted
• Limited to Cohong (association of firms)
• No access to Chinese government or direct
  government to government relations
• British East India Company
• Monopoly of trade between England and China
• Agent of British imperialism