Vertebrates

1
Vertebrates

• General Biology

2
Body Temperature

• Ectothermy
• Cold-Blooded
• Reptiles, Fishes, Amphibians
• Body temp. controlled by environment
• Endothermy
• Warm-Blooded
• Birds Mammals
• Generate retain heat within body
• 4-Chambered Heart

3
Fish

• Aquatic Vertebrates with paired fins, scales,
  gills.
• Gills water through mouth, pumped across gills,
  filaments absorb oxygen from water, water and
  carbon dioxide pumped out through operculum

4
Amphibians

• Lives in water as larva on land as adult
• Adult respiration through lungs skin
• Double Loop Circulation 3 Chambers Pumps both
  oxygenated deoxygenated blood

5
Reptiles

• Dry, waterproof, scaly skin, lungs, and
  terrestrial eggs
• Amniotic Egg shell membranes create a
  protected environment embryo develops without
  drying out

6
Birds

• Outer covering of feathers, two legs covered with
  scales, front limbs modified into wings
• Large muscles connected to keel of the breastbone
• One-way air flow through lungs
• 4-Chambered Heart
• Endotherms

7
Mammals

• Hair, nourish young with milk, breathe air,
  4-Chambered Heart, Endotherms
• Lungs amount of oxygen absorbed depends on
  surface area

8
Mammals, Cont.

• Monotremes egg-laying mammals
• Marsupials bear live young that complete their
  development in an external pouch
• Placental Mammals nutrients, oxygen, carbon
  dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo
  and mother through the placenta