This is practice midterm 1 available on the web

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This is practice midterm 1 (available on the
web) 35 questions from chapters 1,3, 4, and 5
but not 6 The real mid term 1 is next Tuesday
in class hour It will also cover chapters 1, 3,
4, and 5 but not 6 There will be 40 questions
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(No Transcript)
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• The age of the universe is
• Between 10 million and 16 million years
• Between 100 million and 160 million years
• Between 1 billion and 1.6 billion years
• Between 10 billion and 16 billion years
• Between 100 billion and 160 billions years

• What do we mean by the observable universe?
• The part of the universe that we can see with the
  naked eye
• The part of the universe that we can see through
  telescopes
• The part of the universe that could be observed
  in principle, including things that may require
  future technologies
• The compendium of all objects that we have
  observed to date
• The entire universe, since it is inconceivable
  that there could be parts of the universe that we
  cannot observe

4

• Suppose we imagine the Sun to be about the size
  of a grapefruit. Which of the following
  describes the size and distance of the earth on
  the same scale?
• The earth is the size of a point about 1 meter
  away from the Sun
• The earth is the size of a golf ball about 1
  meter away from the Sun
• The earth is the size of a point about 15 meters
  away from the Sun
• The earth is the size of a golf ball about 15
  meters away from the Sun
• The earth is the size of a marble about 25 meters
  away from the Sun

• Suppose we imagine the Sun to be about the size
  of a grapefruit. How far away are the nearest
  starts (the three stars of Alpha Centauri)?
• The length of a football field
• 2.5 miles
• 250 miles
• 2,500 miles
• 25,000 miles

5

• What is an astronomical unit?
• The average speed of the earth around the Sun
• The length of time it takes the earth to revolve
  around the Sun
• The average distance from the earth to the Sun
• The diameter of the earths orbit around the Sun
• Any basic unit used in astronomy

• Patterns of stars in constellations hardly change
  in appearance over times of even a few thousand
  years. Why?
• Stars are fixed and never move
• Stars move, but they move very slowly-only a few
  kilometers in a thousand years
• Although most stars move through the sky, the
  brightest stars do not, and these are the ones
  that trace the patterns we see in the
  constellations
• The stars in our sky actually move rapidly
  relative to us-thousands of kilometers per
  hour-but are so far away that it takes a long
  time for this motion to make a noticeable change
  in the patterns in the sky
• Stars within a constellation move together as a
  group, which tends to hide their actual motion
  and prevent the pattern from changing.

6

• Which of the following statements about the Milky
  Way Galaxy is not true?
• It contains between 100 billion and 1 trillion
  stars.
• Our solar system is located very close to the
  center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
• Our view of distant objects is obscured by gas
  and dust when we look into the galactic plane.
• The galaxy is about 100,000 light-years in
  diameter.
• One rotation of the galaxy takes about 200
  million years.

• Imagine that we put a raisin cake into the oven,
  with each raisin separated from the others by 1
  cm. An hourlater, we take it out and the
  distances between raisins are 3 cm. If you lived
  in one of the raisins and watchedthe other
  raisins as the cake expanded, which of the
  following would you conclude?
• All raisins would be moving away from you at the
  same speed.
• More distant raisins would be moving away from
  you faster.
• More distant raisins would be moving away from
  you more slowly.
• It depends If you lived in a raisin near the
  left side of the cake, you'd see other raisins
  moving away from you, but they'd be coming toward
  you if you lived in a raisin near the right side
  of the cake.

7

• Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting the
  earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of
  the universe?
• to explain why more distant planets take longer
  to make a circuit through the constellations of
  the zodiac
• to explain the fact that planets sometimes
  appear to move westward, rather than eastward,
  relative to the stars in our sky
• to explain why the Greeks were unable to detect
  stellar parallax
• to properly account for the varying distances of
  the planets from the earth
• to explain why Venus goes through phases as seen
  from the earth

• During the Dark Ages in Europe, the scientific
  work of the ancient Greeks was preserved and
  further developed primarily by scholars in
• Baghdad.
• Greece.
• Rome.
• India.
• China.

8

• He discovered that the orbits of planets are
  ellipses.
• Tycho Brahe
• Copernicus
• Kepler
• Galileo
• Ptolemy

• Of the temperature ranges below, which range
  represents the smallest range of actual
  temperature?
• 50-100 Kelvin
• 50-100 Celsius
• 50-100 Fahrenheit
• They all represent the same change in
  temperature.

9

• Suppose you heat up an oven and boil a pot of
  water. Which of the following explains why you
  would be burned by sticking your hand briefly in
  the pot but not by sticking your hand briefly in
  the oven?
• The oven has a higher temperature than the water.
  
• The water has a higher temperature than the oven.
  
• The oven has a higher heat content than the
  water.
• The molecules in the water are moving faster than
  the molecules in the oven.
• The water has a higher heat content than the
  oven.

• In the formula E mc2, what does E represent?
• the kinetic energy of a moving object
• the radiative energy carried by light
• the gravitational potential energy of an object
  held above the ground
• the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an
  object's mass
• the electric charge of the object

10

• When a rock is held above the ground, we say it
  has some potential energy. When we let it go, it
  falls and we say the potential energy is
  converted to kinetic energy. Finally, the rock
  hits the ground. What has happened to the energy?
  
• The energy goes into the ground and, as a result,
  the orbit of the earth about the Sun is slightly
  changed.
• The energy goes to producing sound and to heating
  the ground, rock, and surrounding air.
• The rock keeps the energy inside it (saving it
  for later use).
• It is lost forever. Energy does not have to be
  conserved.
• It is transformed back into gravitational
  potential energy.

• Suppose you built a scale-model atom in which the
  nucleus was the size of a tennis ball. About how
  far would the cloud of electrons extend?
• several centimeters
• a few meters
• a few tens of meters
• several kilometers
• to the Sun

11

• An atom of the element iron has an atomic number
  of 26 and an atomic weight of 56. If it is
  neutral, how many protons, neutrons, and
  electrons does it have?
• 26 protons, 30 neutrons, 26 electrons
• 26 protons, 30 neutrons, 30 electrons
• 26 protons, 56 neutrons, 26 electrons
• 13 protons, 43 neutrons, 13 electrons
• 13 protons, 56 neutrons, 13 electrons

• How can an electron in an atom lose energy to go
  from a higher energy level to a lower energy
  level?
• It loses kinetic energy.
• It releases a photon equal in energy to its own
  energy drop.
• It absorbs a photon equal in energy to its own
  energy drop.
• It loses gravitational potential energy.
• It exchanges gravitational potential energy for
  kinetic energy.

12

• Which of the following transitions is not
  possible?
• An electron begins in an excited state and then
  gains enough energy to jump to the ground state.
• An electron begins in the ground state and then
  gains enough energy to jump to an excited state.
• An electron begins in the ground state and then
  gains enough energy to become ionized.
• An electron begins in an excited state and then
  gains enough energy to become ionized.

• If you drop a rock from a great height, about how
  fast will it be falling after 5 seconds,
  neglecting air resistance?
• Assume the acceleration due to gravity is g 10
  m/s2.
• It depends on how heavy it is.
• It depends on what shape it is.
• 10 m/s
• 15 m/s
• 50 m/s

13

• If your mass is 60 kg on Earth, what would your
  mass be on the Moon?
• 10 lb
• 10 kg
• 50 kg
• 60 kg
• 60 lb

• The fact that Voyager 10 continues to speed out
  of the solar system, even though its rockets have
  no fuel, is an example of
• Newton's first law of motion.
• Newton's second law of motion.
• Newton's third law of motion.
• the universal law of gravitation.
• none of the above

14

• A skater can spin faster by pulling in her arms
  closer to her body or spin slower by spreading
  her arms out from her body. This is due to
• the law of gravity.
• Newton's third law.
• conservation of momentum.
• conservation of angular momentum.
• conservation of energy.

• 24) Each of the following lists two facts. Which
  pair can be used with Newton's version of
  Kepler's third law to determine the mass of the
  Sun?
• Mercury is 0.387 AU from the Sun, and Earth is 1
  AU from the Sun.
• The mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg, and the
  earth orbits the Sun in 1 year.
• The earth rotates in 1 day and orbits the Sun in
  1 year.
• The earth is 150 million km from the Sun and
  orbits the Sun in 1 year.
• Jupiter is the most massive planet and has a mass
  of 1.9 x 1027 kg.

15

• The frequency of a wave is
• the number of peaks passing by any point each
  second.
• measured in cycles per second.
• measured in hertz (Hz).
• equal to the speed of the wave divided by the
  wavelength of the wave.
• all of the above

• From lowest energy to highest energy, which of
  the following correctly orders the different
  categories of electromagnetic radiation?
• infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays,
  gamma rays, radio
• radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X
  rays, gamma rays
• visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet,
  gamma rays, radio
• gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet,
  infrared, radio
• radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet,
  infrared, gamma rays

16

• When white light passes through a cool cloud of
  gas, we see
• visible light.
• infrared light.
• thermal radiation.
• an absorption line spectrum.
• an emission line spectrum.

• Which of the following was not observed by
  Galileo?
• craters on the Moon
• stellar parallax
• sunspots
• Jupiter's moons
• phases of Venus

17

• Radiative energy is
• heat energy.
• energy from nuclear power plants.
• energy carried by light.
• energy used in home radiators.
• energy of motion.

• Grass (that is healthy) looks green because
• it emits green light and absorbs other colors.
• it absorbs green light and emits other colors.
• it transmits green light and emits other colors.
• it reflects green light and absorbs other colors.

18

• How are wavelength, frequency, and energy related
  for photons of light?
• Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower
  energy.
• Longer wavelength means higher frequency and
  lower energy.
• Longer wavelength means higher frequency and
  higher energy.
• Longer wavelength means lower frequency and
  higher energy.
• There is no simple relationship because different
  photons travel at different speeds.

• Which of the following has your "address" in the
  correct order?
• you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Local
  Supercluster, Milky Way
• you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local
  Supercluster, Local Group
• you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way,
  Local Supercluster
• you, Earth, Local Group, Local Supercluster,
  solar system, Milky Way
• you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group,
  Local Supercluster

19

• Why can't we see a galaxy 15 billion light-years
  away? (Assume universe is 14 billion years old.)
• Because no galaxies exist at such a great
  distance.
• Galaxies may exist at that distance, but their
  light would be too faint for our telescopes to
  see.
• Because the universe is not old enough for light
  from objects 15 billion light-years away to have
  reached us yet.

• If you could travel to the nearest star (other
  than our Sun) at the speed of light, it would
  take roughly
• 4 seconds
• 4 minutes
• 4 hours
• 4 days
• 4 years

20

• Changing the orbit of a spacecraft by firing
  thrusters is an example of
• Newton's first law of motion.
• Newton's second law of motion.
• Newton's third law of motion.
• the universal law of gravitation.
• none of the above