What is a presentation Preparation for Midterm Presentation

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What is a presentation?Preparation for Mid-term
Presentation

• Akihiko Aki Shimura
• Faculty of Economics
• Keio University
• May 22, 2003

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Aki and the WM Program

• Director in 2001
• Very happy to be back!
• Had a great summer
• Enjoy this program!
• Need Preparation
• Two Sides of This Program
• Academic Side
• Fun Side
• Main Event on the Academic Side is

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Final Presentation at WM
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Final Presentation at WM
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Final Presentation at WM
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Final Presentation at WM
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Questions for You!

• First of all, please stand up, everyone!
• Question 1
• Have you given any presentations before?
• Questions 2
• Have you given presentations in English?

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MENU

• 1. Mid-term Presentations
• 2. Lecture on Presentation in English

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 1. When?
• Saturday, June 21, 2003
• From 1700-1830
• 2. Where?
• Here!
• 3. How long?
• Each FG Has 10 Minutes, maximum!
• Rehearse a lot with a watch!

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 4. What?
• Final Goal of FG Research
• Comparison of Cultures in Japan and the U.S.
• Answer the following research question
• Are there any similarities and differences
  between cultures of Japan and the U.S.?

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 4. What?
• Final Goal of FG Research

Figure 1 Final Goal of Focus Group Research
Japanese Culture
American Culture
BUT!!!
differences
similarities
differences
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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 4. What?
• Final Goal of FG Research
• Culture involves many things
• People, History, Literature, Movies, Music,
  Fashion, and so on
• Compare the two cultures through your topic!

CULTURE
Focus Group
FG Topic
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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 4. What?
• Final Goal of FG Research
• Comparison of Cultures in Japan and the U.S.
  THROUGH your research topic.
• Answer the research question
• Are there any similarities and differences
  between cultures of Japan and the U.S.?
• 3 Steps to answer this research question
• 1. Study the Japanese culture in Japan
• 2. Study the American culture in the U.S.
• 3. Compare these two cultures in the U.S.

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 4. What?
• Mid-term Presentation in Japan on June 21
• Presentation about (1) the Japanese Culture
• 1. What is your research topic?
• 2. What is your research question?
• 3. What are your data collection methods?
• 4. What have you found about the Japanese culture
  in your data in Japan?
• 5. What are the good and bad points of your
  research in Japan?
• 6. Any suggestions about your research in the
  U.S.?
• But remember that you will have only 10 min.!

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 5. How?
• Use PowerPoint!

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• 5. Summary
• (1) When?
• 1700-1830 on Saturday, June 21, 2003
• (2) Where?
• HERE!
• (3) How long?
• 10 minutes, maximum!
• (4) What?
• Discuss the Japanese culture through your FG
  research topic.
• (5) How?
• Use PowerPoint.

Any Questions?
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MENU

• 1. Mid-term Presentations
• 2. Lecture on Presentation in English

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MENU

• 1. Mid-term Presentations
• 2. Lecture on Presentation in English

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II. Presentation in English

• 1. What is a presentation?
• 2. Presentation Techniques

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II. Presentation in English
Here is the most important question in
todays lecture
What is a presentation?
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II. Presentation in English

• 1. What is a presentation?
• A presentation is a kind of communication between
  the speaker and the audience!

Communication!
speaker
audience
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II. Presentation in English

• How can you give a presentation as a kind of
  communication with the audience?

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II. Presentation in English

• 1. What is a presentation?
• 2. Presentation Techniques

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II. Presentation in English

• 1. What is a presentation?
• 2. Presentation Techniques

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• In order to communicate with your audience
• Communicate 3 Kinds of Messages
• (1) Physical Message
• (2) Story Message
• (3) Visual Message

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• Communicate 3 kinds of messages!

Physical Message
Visual Message
Story Message
speaker
audience

• What are physical, story, and visual messages???
• Lets look at these messages one by one!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• What is physical message?
• Message your body sends to your audience.
• 4 kinds of physical messages
• (a) Posture
• (b) Eye Contact
• (c) Gestures
• (d) Voice
• Lets look at these physical messages one by one!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• (a) Posture
• What is posture?
• It is about how you stand.
• Lets look at some examples!
• Which looked the most academically professional?
• (i)
• (ii)
• (iii)
• Look at Sections 1 2 on p. 3 of Todays handout.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• (b) Eye Contact
• Why eye contact in presentations in English?
• 1. Eye contact in any communication in English
• 2. Eye contact to receive message from audience
• 3 points to remember about eye contact (p. 3)
• (i) Look at your audience for 3 seconds before
  you begin!
• (ii) Look at PEOPLE in all directions!
• (iii) Have eye contacts with your audience
  throughout the speech!
• Now, lets practice with posture and eye contact!

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II. Presentation in English

• Physical Message Exercise
• Prepare a one-minute speech in 3 minutes.
• Greet and introduce yourself and your FG topic.
• Be careful with the following points (p. 3)
• (a) Posture
• Balance and Hand Position
• (b) Eye Contact
• 3 points to remember about eye contact
• (i) Look at your audience for 3 seconds before
  you begin!
• (ii) Look at PEOPLE in all directions!
• (iii) Have eye contacts with your audience
  throughout the speech!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• (c) Gestures
• Examples of Universal Gestures on pp. 4-6
• Remember three points
• (i) Use big gestures.
• (ii) Use a variety of gestures.
• (iii) Use gestures throughout your speech.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• (d) Voice
• Remember two things (p. 3)
• (i) Speak louder than usual (about 150).
• (ii) Adjust your speed to your audience.
• If you cannot do (i), you should use a wireless
  microphone.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (1) Physical Message
• Summary
• 4 kinds of physical messages.
• (a) Posture (1)
• (b) Eye Contact (3)
• (c) Gestures (3)
• (d) Voice (2)
• I have just covered the first message. Now lets
  look at (2) the story message!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• What is story message?
• Message you communicate with your words,
  sentences, and paragraphs.
• About the structure of your presentation.
• A good ( easy-to-understand) presentation has
  three parts
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Body
• 3. Conclusion
• Lets look at these 3 parts of your presentation!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• Introduction has two parts
• (i) Greeting
• (ii) Overview
• Lets look at these sub-sections.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• (i) Greeting Do 2 things in greeting
• a. Greeting
• b. Attract audiences attention!
• Why?
• Audience decides whether they will listen to your
  speech or not in the first 10-20 seconds!!!
• How?
• Be creative!
• Ask questions, show shocking data/pictures, etc.
• Some FGs used skits in the past.
• Here is an example!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• (i) Greeting
• Greeting and Attention Getting
• (ii) Overview
• Tell us the organization of your presentation by
  using a bullet chart (Item 4 on p. 11)
• Here is an example of an overview.

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MENU

• 1. Mid-term Presentations
• 2. Lecture on Presentation in English

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Body Remember 2 points
• (a) Use evidence for all your points/ideas
• Evidence numbers and examples
• Use graphs, pictures, tables, etc. (pp. 11-12)
• (b) Use transitional phrases
• e.g.,
• First, second, lastly, etc.
• I have just talked about the Body. Now, let me
  move on to the Conclusion. (see p. 9)

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Body
• 3. Conclusion Do two things!
• a. Summarize Your Presentation with a bullet
  chart
• Here is an example.

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1. Mid-term Presentations

• Summary
• (1) When?
• 1400-1530 on Saturday, June 22, 2002
• (2) Where?
• This Classroom!
• (3) How long?
• 10 minutes, maximum!
• (4) What?
• Discuss the Japanese culture through your FG
  research topic.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (2) Story Message
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Body
• 3. Conclusion Do two things!
• a. Summarize Your Presentation with a bullet
  chart
• b. Thank the audience
• e.g.,
• Thank you very much for being such a nice
  audience today.
• Now, lets look at (3) Visual Message!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• What is visual message?
• Message you communicate with visual aids.
• Handouts, posters, and PowerPoint
• pp. 1-12.
• You must use PowerPoint in this program.
• You can learn how to use PowerPoint
• CR??? (2002). ???????PowerPoint2002???????????.
  ????.
• ???? (2001). ?PowePoint???????????????. ???.
• ??? (2002). ???????????????.???.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• Remember 3 points about Visual Message
• 1. Make good ( easy-to-understand) visuals!
• 2. Use them well!
• 3. No plagiarism, please!
• Lets look at these points.

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 1. Make good ( easy-to-understand) visuals!
• How?
• Remember two rules
• Rule 1 Show images!
• Rule 2 K.I.S.S.!

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 1. Make good ( easy-to-understand) visuals!
• Rule 1 Show images!
• I will show you two slides with the same data.

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Which looks better?
Table 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
Figure 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 89)
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Which looks better?
Table 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
Figure 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 89)
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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 1. Make good ( easy-to-understand) visuals!
• Rule 1 Show images!
• Rule 2 K.I.S.S.
• Keep your Information Short and Simple!
• Look at the following examples.

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Which looks better?
Bullet Chart 1
Bullet Chart 2

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Always dive with another person, a buddy, so
  that you can watch over each other.
• Remember to calculate bottom time to allow
  enough time for decompression if necessary.
• Dont put your hands on marine animals. You
  could injure them or yourself.

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Dive with a Buddy
• Watch your Bottom Time
• Dont Touch the Marine Life

These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 90)
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Which looks better?
Bullet Chart 1
Bullet Chart 2

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Always dive with another person, a buddy, so
  that you can watch over each other.
• Remember to calculate bottom time to allow
  enough time for decompression if necessary.
• Dont put your hands on marine animals. You
  could injure them or yourself.

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Dive with a Buddy
• Watch your Bottom Time
• Dont Touch the Marine Life

These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 90)
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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 1. Make good ( easy-to-understand) visuals!
• Rule 1 Show images!
• Rule 2 K.I.S.S.
• Keep your Information Short and Simple!
• So, lets K.I.S.S.!!!
• Now, you know how to make good visuals.
• How can you use them well?

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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 2. Use Your Visuals Well
• Do the following three things with all your
  visuals
• Step 1 Introduce
• Step 2 Explain
• Step 3 Emphasize
• Let me demonstrate these three steps with the
  following bar graph.

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3 Steps for Using Visuals Well

• 1. Introduce
• Tell us what the visual is about.
• 2. Explain
• Explain how to read your visual.
• 3. Emphasize
• Emphasize your point ONLY!

Figure 2 Monthly Sales of Cars
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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• (3) Visual Message
• 3. No plagiarism, please!
• What is plagiarism?
• It is to use someone elses work without giving
  the person any credit.
• Plagiarism is the worst thing you can do in
  academics.
• Give credits to other peoples work ALWAYS!
• For example, look at these slides one more time!

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Which looks better?
Table 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
Figure 1 Attendance for East and North Parks
Here is an example of how you give credit
to someone elses work!
These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 89)
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Which looks better?
Bullet Chart 1
Bullet Chart 2

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Always dive with another person, a buddy, so
  that you can watch over each other.
• Remember to calculate bottom time to allow
  enough time for decompression if necessary.
• Dont put your hands on marine animals. You
  could injure them or yourself.

• Scuba Diving Rules
• Dive with a Buddy
• Watch your Bottom Time
• Dont Touch the Marine Life

Here is another example of how you give
credit to someone elses work!
These examples are taken from Harrington and
LeBeau (1996 90)
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II. Presentation in English

• 2. Presentation Techniques
• Summary
• A presentation is a kind of communication!
• Communicate 3 kinds of messages.
• 1. Physical Message
• Posture, Eye Contact, Gestures, and Voice
• 2. Story Message
• Introduction (greeting and overview)
• Body (with evidence)
• Conclusion (summary and thanking)
• 3. Visual Message
• Make good visuals and use them well
• Any questions?

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II. Presentation in English

• Final Questions on Presentation Techniques
• A presentation is a kind of communication!
• Communicate 3 kinds of messages.
• 1. Physical Message
• 2. Story Message
• 3. Visual Message
• Which message is the most important? Why?
• Answer Physical and Visual Story
• Five Senses
• Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching
• New information through seeing the most.
• We tend to believe what we see more than what we
  hear.
• Popularity of TV

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II. Presentation in English

• When you prepare for your mid-term presentation,
  REMEMBER
• Physical and Visual Messages are more important!
• In fact, if you remember this point, you may be
  able to become President of the U.S.!?

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Who are they?
MSN Encarta Encyclopedia
Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia

• Candidates in Presidential Election in 1960
• Richard Nixon John F. Kennedy
• Kennedy won the election because
• He knew the importance of physical and visual
  messages!
• Four Presidential Debates on Radio and TV in 1960
• Radio, where only the story message is important.
• Nixon Kennedy
• TV, where all messages are important.
• Nixon

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REFERENCES

• Dale, P. and Wolf, J. C. (1988). Speech
  communication made simple a multicultural
  perspective. White Plains, NY Longman.
• Harrington, D. and LeBeau, C. (1996). Speaking of
  speech basic presentation skills for beginners.
  Tokyo, Japan MacMillan Language House.

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The End

• Good luck with your
• mid-term presentations!

Note This PowerPoint file for todays lecture
will soon be available in our web site.