North American Indian Presentation Created By: Reeda Zabik

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North American Indian PresentationCreated By
Reeda Zabik
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Contents of Presentation

• Apache Indians
• Cherokee Indians
• Cheyenne Indians
• Chippewa Indians
• Hopi Indians
• Iroquois Indians
• Navajo Indians
• Sioux Indians
• Bibliography

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Apache Indians

• Nomadic Tribe
• Territory New Mexico and Arizona through
  southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, Texas,
  and northern Mexico
• Six Apache Tribes Chiricahua, Jicarilla,
  Mescalero, Kiowa-Apache, Lipan, and Western
  Apache
• Government Elderly man would connect as the
  headman for the extended family
• Most dynamic family headman would be acknowledged
  as the leader or chief
• Male Apache Responsibilities hunted for food,
  went on raids to steal horses, skilled trackers
  of human and animal signs, used sign language,
  flashed sun rays through mirrors, sent smoke
  signals in order to make communication
• To become a chief or leader had to be respected,
  trusted, and skilled hunter/warrior
• Female Apache Responsibilities for the children,
  gathered berries, seeds, roots, and nuts, planted
  vegetables, built teepees and wickiups
• Ceremonies believed there was a greater power in
  the universe, held ceremonies to seek power in
  curing, hunting and celebration in a positive
  harvest
• Raids and War
• Raids steal livestock
• War take revenge on the killing of a tribe
  member
• Currently there are approximately 50,000 Apache
  living in the United States
• Live on reservations in New Mexico and Arizona
• Value ancient traditions
• Children attend school
• Many Apache are college graduates

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Cherokee Indians

• Lived in mountain regions Virginia, West
  Virginia, parts of North and South Carolina,
  Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama
• Lived in two kinds of houses
• Summer oblong- logs with clay and tree bark as a
  roof
• Winter round with cone-shaped thatched roof-
  warm with thick walls
• Towns had a chief led council which affected all
  people
• Cherokee Male Responsibilities warriors, cut
  down trees for planting, built homes, tomahawks,
  war clubs, and canoes, organized games and
  ceremonies for the town
• Cherokee Female Responsibilities own council
  which discussed issues that went to the town
  meetings, ownership over children, houses, and
  property, planted crops, looked after livestock,
  wove baskets, rugs, mats
• Ceremonies philosophy of keeping the world in
  balance- ceremonies focused on the harmony
• Currently professional occupations that keep
  Cherokees heritage alive with creative work

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Cheyenne Indians

• Residence Ojibwas who were enemies forced
  Cheyenne Indians to the west into North and South
  Dakota, eventually moving to the Black Hills Area
• Prior to the force they lived in Minnesota River
  Valley
• No longer farmed, but started to trace buffalo
  herds on horseback
• Acquired the Plains Indians lifestyle
• Buffalo meat main source of food
• Traveled long distances to trade
• Allies Arapaho and Sioux tribes
• Cheyenne Male Responsibilities warriors and
  hunters that were in strong physical and mental
  condition, hunted antelope, deer, elk, wild
  sheep, and buffalo, the main responsibility was
  going to war- raids of stealing enemies horses
• Cheyenne Female Responsibilities picked berries,
  roots, tanned the teepees hides, sewed the
  clothing, had no power in the council, and
  obtained camp duties when the men went to war
• Ceremonies danced to bring new life, two
  important objects- Buffalo Hat and Four Arrows
  bring good health, expanded lives, and enough of
  food
• Currently Northern Cheyenne live between the
  Tongue River and Crow Reservation in Montana,
  Southern Cheyenne live in Oklahoma, but not on a
  reservation

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Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians

• Why two names for the tribe?
• Chippewa-used in United States
• Ojibwa- used in Canada
• Territory Upper Great Lakes
• 18th Century- conquered the Iroquois out of the
  Ontario Peninsula
• Chippewa did not like the characteristics of the
  Iroquois of being fierce
• Moved into western Wisconsin, and northeastern
  Minnesota
• Who were the Indians allies with, the French or
  the English?
• French wanted to trade but not take the land
  over
• Traits of the Chippewa Indians woodcraft and
  birchbark canoes
• Separation of tribes migratory bands
• Family units for hunting and fishing
• Crops grew corn and wild rice
• Ceremonies Midewiwin or Grand Medicine Society
• Currently one of the largest Native American
  groups between the United States and Canada

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Hopi Indians

• Communities over the desert at the prongs of
  Black Mesa- Arizona
• Belief in War avoid fighting unless attacked
• Male Hopi Responsibilities hunters of squirrels,
  gophers, and rabbits, harvested corn and beans,
  cared for the livestock, collected wood, created
  clothing through wool, leaders of secret
  societies
• Kivas an underground room that is used for
  societies meetings, ceremonies and relaxation
• Female Hopi Responsibilities prepared the food
  and stored in baskets and pots, made pottery and
  baskets, cleaned the house and carried water
• Ceremonies philosophy to take care of the earth
  and all ceremonies are based on humans
• Represent life from birth to death
• Ceremonial year divided into halves
• Currently three Mesas where the traditional
  Hopi Way is valued and cherished

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Iroquois Indians

• Iroquois Combination six nations of North
  American people
• Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and
  Tuscarora
• Territory New York and west of the Hudson River
• Advanced in the Eastern Woodlands political,
  cultural, and in the military
• Male Iroquois Responsibilities built houses,
  hunted, fished, and created war
• Female Iroquois Responsibilities worked the
  fields, determination of village councils
• Iroquois society centered on warfare, captives
  were tortured or placed in slavery
• Ceremonies focused on agriculture
• Currently various tribes

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Navajo Indians

• Territory Northwest New Mexico, Arizona, and
  Southeast Utah
• Housing hogans
• Economy farming, sheep, goats, cattle
• Social unit bands of families and tribes
• Religious Ceremonies life began from ancestors
  being brought up from the worlds surface
• Items of significance painted pottery, rugs and
  sandpainting
• Sandpainting is created when someone is sick
• World War II Codetalkers used language as the
  basis for fast communication in the
  Pacific-Campaign
• Currently largest indigenous population in the
  United States
• Successful trading
• Independent tribal government

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Sioux Indians

• Territory Great Plains Area
• Three main Sioux groups Lakota, Dakota, Nakota
• Way of life hunted buffalo, lived in teepees,
  pride in sun dance
• Warfare games, fighting showed bravery
• Culture mobile on horseback, hunt buffalo, being
  soldiers
• Ceremonies supernatural power, significance of
  peace pipe
• Female Sioux known for porcupine-quill and bead
  embroiders
• Ghost Dance 1890, inspired the massacre at
  Wounded Knee
• Currently live on reservations
• North and South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska

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Bibliography

• Book Sources
• Frankin, Paula A. and Morton Fried. Indians of
  North American. New York, 1981.
• Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Apaches.
  Holiday House New York, 1997.
• Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Cherokees
  Holiday House New York, 1996.
• Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Cheyennes.
  Holiday House New York, 1996.
• Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Hopis. Holiday
  House New York, 1995.
• Electronic Sources
• Grolier, Inc. Cd-Rom 1997
• Internet Sources
• Yahooligans! Reference The Britannica Concise.
  2000
• ia