Beginnings of an American Identity

1
Beginnings of an American Identity

• 5-3 The French and Indian War

2
France Claims Western Lands

• Charles de Langlade was trying to force the
  British to leave the Ohio Valley so the Indians
  would trade with the French instead

• Britain hoped to extend its colonies into the
  Ohio River Valley in defiance of France

3
Native American Alliances

• Native Americans west of the Appalachians were at
  war with each other because

the Iroquois were trying to expand their lands
in order to control the fur trade

• The Huron and Algonquin allied with France
• The Iroquois allied with Britain

4
Conflict in the Ohio Valley

• Between 1689 and 1763 Britain and France fought
  4 major wars

1 - The War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697)
AKA
King Williams War
2 The War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)
AKA Queen Annes War
3 The War of the Austrian Succession (1744-1748)
AKA King Georges War
4 The Seven Years War (1756-1763)
AKA
The French and Indian War
(Begins in America in 1754!)
5
Conflict in the Ohio Valley

• The first three wars were caused by competition
  in Europe
• the 4th was caused by competition in North
  America over control of

the Ohio River Valley
6
Conflict in the Ohio Valley
Britain
France

• Large Population (1,485,000) Small Population
  (75,000)

• Organized Colonial Militias Few Troops in Canada

• Colonies are Self-Supporting Relied Heavily upon
  Imports

• Navy Controlled Trade Routes Smaller navy
  Defends Europe

• 13 Separate Governments Single Colonial
  Government

• Settlements Spread Along Coast Settlements
  Clustered Together

• Few Indian Allies (Iroquois) Strong Alliances
  with Indians

7
War Begins and Spreads

1. Washington was sent to evict the French from the
   Ohio Valley

1. When he got close, his men shot at a group of
   French diplomats
2. French troops from Ft. Duquesne came after him

1. Washington hurriedly built a fortand named it
   Ft. Necessity

1. Washington was soon forced to surrender his
   newly-built fort

8
War Begins and Spreads

• The Albany Plan of Union
• Purpose
• Author
• Rejected

to unify the colonies in order to defend
themselves against the French
Benjamin Franklin
Colonial legislatures did not
want to give up any control
9
Braddocks Defeat

• Braddock Defeated because

• Stubborn and refused to listen to advice
• Insisted upon using European tactics in North
  American forests
• George Washington
• Bravely ralliedsurvivors and led them back to
  Virginia

10
The British Take Quebec

• Britain gets a new PMand then a new King

• William Pitt

and George III

• Pitt sent his best generals andtroops to fight
  in America
• Pitt raised money to pay forcolonial supplies
  and troops
• To win
• The British would have to capture French cities
  in Canada Quebec and Montreal

11
The British Take Quebec
12
The British Take Quebec

• Both Montcalm and Wolfe died in the Battle

13
The Treaty of Paris, 1763

• Britain gains all land from the Atlantic to the
  Mississippi River
• France gives Louisiana (west of the
  Mississippi) to Spain

• France keeps only Haiti in the Caribbean and the
  islands of St. Pierre and Miguelon in the Gulf
  of St. Lawrence

14
Pontiacs Rebellion
15
Pontiacs Rebellion

• British settlers (no longer worried about the
  French) were moving across the Appalachians and
  taking Native lands

• Pontiac wanted to stop the loss of Native land
  and culture in the lands west of the Appalachians

16
Pontiacs Rebellion

• British government passed the Proclamation
  of 1763

• Forbade settlement west of the Appalachians
  including in the fertile land of the Ohio
  River Valley

17
5-3 The French and Indian War