PowerPointPrsentation

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IP5 JACS ACC Urban/Peri-Urban and
Highland/Lowland Syndrome Context
Key Issue 4 Environmental Risk, Development and
Urbanisation Results until May, 2005
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• Key Issue AdressedThe interaction between
  urbanisation and natural resource management.
  Research examines how actors in rural and urban
  areas use and/or manage natural resources, and
  how this results in transformation of space and
  influences sustainable regional development

• Main Research Questions (for Phase I 2001-2005)
• What are the social practices that (rural and
  urban) actors implement with regard to natural
  resource management?
• How do these social practices relate to public
  policies and sustainable regional development
  initiatives?
• What are the effects of urban-rural interactions
  on natural resource management?
• What is the potential of discussion platforms for
  reaching consensus among the stakeholders
  concerning sustainable regional development
  priorities?

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• Research Project
• Integrated analysis of the impact of urbanisation
  on natural resource management in the lower
  Ayuquila Watershed, Western Mexico
• Senior Researchers/Coordinators Peter Gerritsen
  and Claudia Ortiz/Research assistant Alma
  Lomelí, DERN-IMECBIO, University of Guadalajara
• 13 students participating 2 Ph.D.-, 6 M.Sc.- and
  5 B.Sc.-students
• Main Scientific interlocutor Working Group Río
  Ayuquila (DERN-DRBSM)
• Main Non Scientific Interlocutor Intermunicipal
  Initiative for Environmental Governance

• Objectives
• Analyse natural resource perceptions and
  strategies of different actors in the watershed
• Analyse core problems related to urbanisation and
  natural resource management in watershed
• Analyse the institutional context for mitigating
  localised effects of global change
• Develop mitigation strategies and concrete
  recommendations to strengthen existing
  negotiation platforms for sustainable regional
  development
• Develop theoretical framework applicable to
  watersheds with similar problematic in JACS-ACC

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Study Area Ayuquila River Watershed
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• Research aims at generating socioeconomic and
  applied ecological information for sustainable
  development actions through the intermunicipal
  initiative
• It is part of a strategic alliance between eight
  Municipalities, the Ministry of Environment and
  Natural Resources and DERN-IMECBIO as an academic
  institution
• Ph.D. Thesis
• In progress
• Integrated water resources management in the
  Ayuquila watershed of western Mexico limits and
  potential in the municipality of El Grullo.
  Cherryl André de la Porte/ LaSUR-INTER-ENAC-EPFL
• Land use changes and transnational migration in
  Western Mexico. Silvia Hostettler /
  LaSUR-INTER-ENAC-EPFL

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Masters Thesis

• Completed
• Riverbank vegetation in the farm landscape.
  Martijn Snoep / University of Wageningen, The
  Netherlands
• The road to Margaritaville expansion of agave
  cultivation and power dynamics in Southern
  Jalisco, Mexico. Sara Bowen/University of
  Wisconsin, USA
• In progress
• Urban and rural actors perceptions of
  environmental degradation in the Ayuquila
  watershed. Astrid Fritschi/University of Zürich,
  Switzerland/IP6
• Land-use and transnational migration in western
  Mexico. Brigitte Portner, University of Bern,
  Switserland/IP1
• Urban growth in the municipality of Autlán
  environmental risk and potential risks and
  potentials. Claudia Patricia Rámirez
  Jiménez/University of Guadalajara
• Urbanisation and economic dynamics in the
  municipality of El Grullo. Martín
  Campos/University of Guadalajara

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• Bachelors thesis
• Completed
• Institutions, inter-institutional coordination
  and sustainability. Liliana Castañeda/University
  of Guadalajara
• The role of negotiation platforms in sustainable
  regional development. Daniela Thueler/University
  of Bern, Switzerland/IP1
• In progress
• Impact of urbanisation on the natural resource
  management strategies of farmers. Humberto
  Bustos/University of Guadalajara
• Urbanisation and river vegetation. Tomas
  Rodríguez/University of Guadalajara
• Globalisation, urbanisation and agave farmer
  strategies. Ana Livier Duran/University of
  Guadalajara

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• Other research activities
• Completed
• General characterization of the Ayuquila
  watershed. Peter Gerritsen et al./University of
  Guadalajara
• Integrative framework of Key Issue 4. Peter
  Gerritsen et al. /University of Guadalajara
• Analysis of actors in the Ayuquila watershed.
  Peter Gerritsen et al./University of Guadalajara
• Quantitative assesment of agave expansion in the
  Ayuquila watershed. Peter Gerritsen et
  al./University of Guadalajara
• Regional products local answers to economic
  globalization?Peter Gerritsen et al. /University
  of Guadalajara
• In progress
• Ecology and management of Ayuquila riverbank
  vegetation. Claudia Ortiz et al./University of
  Guadalajara

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PAMS

• Completed
• Strengthening local capacity in the management of
  the Ayuquila watershed in western Mexico
  (DERN-IMECBIO, University of Guadalajara)
• Strengthening local agriculture for regional
  sustainability in the state of Jalisco, Mexico
  (RASA)

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Integration of Different Studies
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Outputs by May, 1, 2005 (Phase I 2001-2005)

• Publications
• 5 Technical reports completed 4 completed and 1
  at 90
• Draft of book on local responses to economic
  globalisation completed
• 2 Scientific articles submitted 3 in press, 1
  submitted

• Congresses and workshops
• 3 National congresses attended 7 congresses
  attended
• 3 International congresses attended 10
  congresses attended

• Postgraduate studies
• 2 Ph.D. completed 2 in progress
• 4 M.Sc. Completed 2 completed, 4 in progress
• 4 M.Sc. Completed 2 completed, 1 at 90 and 2 in
  progress

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K.I.4 Results at IP5, Key Issue and Project Level

• 1) Interrelations between globalization,
  urbanization and transformation of space (IP5
  level)
• 2) Core problems related to urbanization and
  natural resource management (Project level)
• 3) Social practices of actors with regard to
  natural resource management (IP5, Key Issue and
  project level question)
• 4) Effects of urban-rural relations on natural
  resource management (Key Issue level, project
  level)
• 5) Public policies and regional sustainable
  development initiatives (IP5, Key Issue and
  project level question)
• 6) Relations between bottom-up and top-down
  dynamics (IP5 level)

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1) Interrelations between globalization,
urbanization and transformation of space (IP5
level)

• Generally speaking, globalisation is a
  far-advanced process in the study area many
  local effects can be identified
• Globalisation and urbanisation influence on
  social practices of rural actors (use/management
  of natural resources) and contribute to the
  transformation of space
• The relation between globalisation, urbanisation
  and the transformation of space is incomplete and
  a highly differentiated process
• But
• A re-ruralisation (or rurbanisation) process,
  even though still weak can also be observed
  amongst several actors in the region
• Endogenous (historically embedded) processes also
  have influenced the social practices of actors
  and the transformations of space that have taken
  place in the region

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2) Core problems related to urbanization and
natural resource management (Project level)

• Contradictory policies and weak formal
  institutions at different levels, due to the
  extreme complex nature of the Mexican
  institutional context
• Governance failures, insufficient empowerment and
  decentralisation, due to lacking policies that
  work and deficient capabilities of human
  resources
• Poverty and livelihood insecurity, in the
  mountaineous municipalities of the watershed
• Poor water supply and environmental sanitation,
  in the predominant urban municipalities
• Degradation of land, soil and vegetation cover,
  which can be observed in all municipalities
• Degradation of forests and other natural
  habitats, which can be observed in all
  municipalities

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3) Social practices of actors with regard to
natural resource management (IP5, Key Issue and
project level question)

• Social practices are highly differentiated, vary
  according to actors and their specific
  socio-material characteristics
• Both endogenous and exogenous factors determine
  social practices of actors
• Different degrees of sustainability can be
  distinguished
• Number of new strategies (of urban and rural
  actors) for countervailing negative effects of
  globalisation and urbanisation
• Strategies based on logic of maintenance,
  transformation and adaptation, resistance and
  opposition, depending of degree of urbanization
  in the watershed
• Transformation and Adaptation adoption of
  agroindustrial land-use practices/transnational
  migration
• Maintenance, Resistance and Opposition
  elaboration of regional products/organic
  farming practices
• Actors often combine different logics underlying
  their strategies, except for organic farmers

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4) Effects of urban-rural relations on natural
resource management (Key Issue level, project
level)

• Urban-rural relations offer both possibilities
  and limitations for natural resource management,
  depending on the degree of urbanization in the
  Ayuquila watershed
• Relative distance of rural actors to urban
  centers influences impact of globalisation and
  urbanisation
• Urban-rural interactions are not to be understood
  as lineal, or concentric, but as highly
  differentiated and complex
• Urban growth affects rural areas through
  production of waste and pollution of water
• Unplanned urban growth shows tendencies towards
  urban sprawl syndrome, with negative effects on
  surrounding rural areas
• Biological and agro-biological diversity is
  negatively influenced by transformation processes
  of urban and rural space, especially near the
  Ayuquila river

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5) Public policies and regional sustainable
development initiatives (IP5, Key Issue and
project level question)

• Many different federal and state policies
  coincide in the Ayuquila watershed
• Contradictions exists between institutions and
  policies
• Decentralization looks for empowering
  municipalities, but these lack funds and human
  resources
• Periodic political changes undermines
  effectiveness of institutions and policies
• Processes that lead to transformation of space go
  beyond regional boundaries, which demands
  inter-institutional coordination
• Discussion platforms effective mechanisms for
  new environmental governance joining urban and
  rural actors
• Effectiveness of regional negotiation platforms
  for natural resources management relates to
  active participation of stakeholders
  (urban/rural), and political dynamics
  (federal/state level)
• Representation of no-institutional actors is weak
  or even absent in existing negotiation platforms

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6) Relations between bottom-up and top-down
dynamics (IP5 level)

• Discrepancia exist between top-down and bottom-up
  level. Currently, this relation is exogenous and
  activity-, or information driven
• Excess of consultation-culture and lack of
  participation-culture amongst local actors
• Participation of local actors is sought for by
  incorporating them in existing (top-down)
  frameworks
• Empowerment and bottom-up dynamics exist amongst
  small group of actors, but within an
  institutional vacuum