PowerPointPrsentation

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Gravitational Waves

• Wave
• Sources
• Interferometer

• Limitations
• Justification
• Network

LIGO
Laser Interferometer Gravitational
Wave Observatory
2
Wave

x
3
Sources
Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational
Wave Detectors Peter R. Saulson (World
Scientific, 1994)
4
Interferometer
Analogy mans arm 40 Ly displacement 1
hairwidth
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Limitations
Gravitational Wave Strain
LIGO Frequency Band I 2003 f50Hz..1kHz II
2007 f10Hz..10kHz
LIGOI

• Sensitivity Improvment
• LF f
• suspension
• MF 40Hz..150Hz thermal noise
• cooling, beam size
• HF f 150Hz shot noise
• heavyer test mass

LIGOII
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Justification
Hanford, Washington (2 4 km detector)

• Schedule
• 1989 Proposal
• 1996-2002 Construction (LIGOI)
• 2002 Engineering Runs
• 2003 Scientific Runs (plausible)
• 2007-2010 Upgrade (LIGOII)
• 2010 Scientifc Runs (probable)

selection 19 sites distance 3030km time /-10ms
Livingston, Lousiana (4 km detector)

• Strong Aspects
• largest (4km)
• two (three) detectors
• funded till 2006 by NSF
• 400 scientists

Funding total cost 300 M (VIRGO 93M
2,5233) variable cost 30 M / year
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Network
GEO (600m)
LIGO (24km)
TAMA (300m)
AURIGA
LIGO (4km)
EXPLORER
NAUTILUS
VIRGO (3km)
ALLEGRO
ACIGA
LISA (5Mkm) LF f100µHz..10mHz launch 2011 for
5yrs
NIOBE
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Conclusion
SUMMARY 1. LIGO is a large detector system with
three interferometers 2. network consisting of
several interferometers bar detectors 3.
interesting field with open questions
technological challenges
GAIN 1. proof of existence for predicted
gravitational waves 2. precise analysis of
binaries, mergers, black holes super novae 3.
including precise measurement of mass, dimension
angular momentum
FUTURE 1. operating network of earth- and
space-based detectors 2. search for a GW
background for more information about the big bang
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References

• Detector Description and Performance or the
  First Coincidence Observations between LIGO and
  GEO
• (arXiv gr- qc/ 0308043 v2 15 Aug 2003)

• Gravitational Wave Detectors A Report from
  LIGO-LAND
• (arXiv gr- qc/ 0303117 v1 31 Mar 2003)

• Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational
  Wave Detectors
• Peter R. Saulson (World Scientific, 1994)

• Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars -
  The Physics of Compact Objects
• Stuart L. Shapiro, Saul A. Teukolsky (Wiley -
  Interscience, 1983)

• Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics
• Lars Bergström and Ariel Goobar (Wiley -
  Praxis, 1999)

• Ligo Homepages
• http//www.ligo.caltech.edu/LIGO_web/
• http//www.ligo-wa.caltech.edu/
• http//www.ligo-la.caltech.edu/

• Pictures
• http//www.cosmographica.com
• http//www.rkm.com.au/ASTRONOMY/Pulsar.html