The Labor Movement

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The Labor Movement

• The late 1800s

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The Robber Barons orCaptains of Industry?

• Wealthy bank or business owners who often used
  questionable business tactics to control whole
  industries.
• Rockefeller, Carnegie, J.P. Morgan

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• What were corporate owners called that paid very
  little to their labor and made millions of
  dollars?
• A) Robber Barons
• B) Social Democrats
• C) Red Barons
• D) Darwinian Theorists

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Problems for workers
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• Low wages
• Factory production replaces skilled labor
• Women and child labor
• Poor working conditions

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• What were some of the problems for labor before
  and after the civil war?
• Poor working conditions
• Low wages
• Child labor
• All of the above

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Solutions?
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• Farmers and Workers unite to try to maintain
  control over wages and working conditions
• Unions- organized labor
• Knights of St. Crispin
• Knights of Labor
• American Federation of Labor

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• A organized group of people from the same
  industry or different industries is known as a
• A) union
• B) injunction
• C) militia
• D) merger

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STRIKE!!!
3,4,5

• 1877- National railroad strike
• Workers stop working and protest in order to
  change conditions
• Corporation calls in state militias to stop the
  protests, sometimes ending in violence.
• Result- deal between railroad (Jay Gould) and
  labor. More people think they need stronger
  unions.

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American Federation of Labor
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• Replace Knights of Labor as leading union
• Organized skilled workers
• Strike to improve wages and hours
• Boycott to peacefully protest
• Founded by Sam Gompers (Right)

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Women in the Labor Movement
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• Knights of Labor allows women and proposes equal
  pay for men and women
• Support strikers with food and supplies for long
  strikes
• Mary Harris Jones- organized the United Mine
  Workers. Traveled on behalf of labor for 50
  years. Once known as the Most dangerous women in
  America.

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Resistance to the Labor Movement
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Haymarket Riot
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• 1886-McCormick Harvester Factory
• Strike for 8- hour workday
• Police kill 4 in scuffle
• Haymarket Riot- 1000 workers rally, bomb kills 7
  police. Police fire on crowd killing 10 and
  wounding 67
• 8 strike leaders tried for bomb. 4 hanged

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• The event previously mentioned where 1000 people
  gathered and were fired upon became known as the
• A) haymarket riot
• B) Homestead Strike
• C) Bessemer process
• D) Pullman Strike

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Homestead Strike
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• 1892- Homestead Pa.
• Steelworkers strike at Carnegie Steel
• Company hired Pinkertons to beat up strikers
• Several killed
• Strike failed, many left the union as a result

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• What was the name of the group sent out by
  Carnegie steel to beat up strikers?
• Union
• Injunction function
• Pink Ladies
• Pinkertons

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The Pullman Strike
11-13

• Workers lived in Company towns. Jobs, wages cut.
  Stores rent stayed same
• Pullman sleeper cars (Railroads)
• 1894- strike
• American Railway Union
• Eugene V. Debs leader
• Pres. Cleveland calls Army
• Violence once again, Rail
• traffic comes to a halt
• Railroad unions refused Pullman cars in sympathy

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• The Pullman strike is associated with which of
  the following?
• A) people were fired and wages were cut
• B) company store prices and rents went up or
  stayed the same
• C) other railroad workers showed sympathy to
  Pullman strikers
• D) All of the above

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Problems in the Labor Movement
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• Government support of Corporate owners with
  troops and injunctions (order to end strike) to
  break strikes.
• Exclusion of minorities, unskilled workers, and
  women.
• American-born workers fear immigrants from
  Europe. Chinese killed and intimidated. Exclusion
  Act of 1882 reflected the nations fears.

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• Which side did the government usually support in
  a strike?
• Strikers
• Corporation owners
• Left side
• East side

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Positive aspects of the Labor Movement
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• Identified the need to get rid of child labor.
• Called attention to poor wages and working
  conditions.
• Pushed for the 8-hour workday
• Called out and stood up to large corporations for
  unfair labor practices.
• Showed possible benefits of united workers.

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• Text in what you believe the best aspect of the
  labor movement was