INSECT FLIGHT

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INSECT FLIGHT
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Insect Thorax
Prothorax
Mesothorax
Metathorax
Pterothorax
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Insect Thorax
scutellum
scutum
tergum
epimeron
trochantin
sternellum
episternum
basisternum
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FLIGHT IN THE PALEOPTERA
Wing cycle
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DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES


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DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES
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DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES
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Internal support in thorax
pleural ridge
pleural apophysis
sternopleural muscle
sternal apophysis
furca
Furca Pleural/sternal apophysis
Apodemes
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Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles
Dorsoventral muscles
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longitudinal muscle
Meso or Metathorax
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Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles
Dorsoventral muscles
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Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles contract
Dorsoventral muscles
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
wing base
scutellar lever
pleural process
Lateral view of a pterothoracic segment in
Sarcophaga
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
notum
wing
second axillary sclerite
hinge
first axillary sclerite
paranotal shelf
pleural apophysis
pleural process
sternopleural muscle
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Note Points Y AND Z are hinges
Z
X
Y
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 1 Wing is in stable up position
Z
X
X
Z
Y
Y
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 2 Wing moves to an unstable horizontal
position
X
Z
Y
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 3 Wing moves to stable down position
Y
Z
X
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
What causes the wing to return to up position?
Joints contain resilin
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Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Leg joint of a flea
Tarsal joint of a housefly
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Resiliency in Resilin
Resilin Found in the wing hinges of insects
97 Collagen Found in tendons, ligaments, skin
etc. 93 Space Ball Toy 80 Elastin The
main elastic protein of vertebrates 76 Viscid
silk Capture threads 35
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