The Evolutionary Development of Insect Wings

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The Evolutionary Development of Insect Wings

• Carlo Daep
• Biology 430
• April 21, 2004

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Origin of Evolution

• Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace.
• Natural Selection.

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Natural Selection

• Natality
• Variability
• Survivorship
• Heritability
• Time
• Selective Pressures

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Evolutionary Origins of Insects

• Complete ancestry is not well known.
• Paleoentomology
• Amber

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Insect Evolution Timeline

• 4.5 bya
• 425 mya (Silurian)
• 405 mya (Devonian)
• 350 mya
• 345 mya (Carboniferous)
• 290 mya
• 135 mya (Cretaceous)
• 63 mya (Tertiary)

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Hypotheses

• Evolution through modification.
• Development from novel outgrowths.

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Evolution Through Modification

• Limb Branch
• Gill Structures
• Wings from appendages due to genetic
  mutation/expression.
• Studied various organisms.

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Drosophila
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Artemia franciscana
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Thysanura
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Collembola
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Plecoptera
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Homeotic Genes

• ap (apterous)
• pdm (nubbin)
• Dll (distal-less)

• exd (extradenticle)
• Antp (Antennapedia)
• Ubx (Ultrabithorax)

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pdm and ap Genes

• Isolated from some crustaceans and insects.
• Expression support wing from appendage hypothesis.

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Stone Flies and the Evolution of Insect Wings

• Dr. James Marden
• Stone flies related to ancient pterygotes.
• Transitional stage of wing evolution.
• Stone fly physiology.

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Summary

• First group to fly on earth.
• Development of wings allow for extended habitats.
• Lead to exponential increase in insects.
• One of the reasons for the success of insects?

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Walking Sticks
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Works Cited

• Averof, Michalis and S.M. Cohen. 1997.
  Evolutionary origin of insect wings from
  ancestral gills. Nature. 385627-30.
• Brown, Malcolm W. Evolution of insect flight.
  http//www.cmnh.org/dinoarch/1994Oct/msg00116.html
  . Last access 2/4/2004.
• Carroll, Sean B. and S.D. Weatherbee. 1995.
  Homeotic genes and the regulation and evolution
  of insect wing number. Nature. 37558-61.
• Jockush, Elizabeth L. and L.M. Nagy. 1997.
  Insect evolution how did insect wings
  originate? Current Biology. 7358-61.
• Jones, Nicola. 2003. Stick insect forces
  evolutionary rethink. New Scientist.
  http//www.arn.org/docs2/news/stickinsect012003.ht
  m. Last access 2/4/2004.
• Ng, Medard, F.J. Diaz- Benjumea, J.P. Vincent, J.
  Wu, and S.M. Cohen. 1996. Specification of the
  wing by localized expression of wingless
  protein. Nature. 381316-18.
• Smart, Michael. Walking stick lost wings, then
  re-evolved them. http//www.eurekalert.org/pub_r
  eleases/2003-01/byu-ws1011303.php. Last access
  2/4/2004.
• http//cwpp.slq.qld.gov.au/insects/Evolution.htm.
  Last access 2/15/2004..
• http//www.ent.orst.edu/burettm/ent300_lecture4.ht
  m. Last access 2/4/2004.

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