PRIMATE EVOLUTION

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PRIMATE EVOLUTION

• Chapter 16

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Primate Adaptation Evolution

• Ch. 16, Sec. 1

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Primates

• Primates group of animals that includes lemurs,
  monkeys, apes, and humans
• Common traits among primates
• Large brains (relative to body size)
• Social interactions
• Flexible shoulder hip joints

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• Opposable Thumb thumb that can cross the palm
  to meet the other fingertips
• Adaptation for gripping climbing

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• Binocular Vision both eyes in the front
• Better depth perception, jumping from tree to
  tree
• Color Vision allows primates to find food that
  has most nutrition
• Ex Unripe vs. Ripe fruit

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Primate Origins

• Primates share evolutionary history
• Fossil, anatomical, DNA evidence show a close
  relationship
• Primates classified into 2 groups

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Primate Ancestors
Haplorhines
Strepsirrhines
Anthropoids
Hominoids
Hominids
Old World monkeys
Tarsiers
African apes
New World monkeys
Gibbons
Lorises, Pottos and Galagos
Orangutans
Lemurs
Humans
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Humanlike Primates Evolve

• Anthropoids humanlike primates hominoids, New
  World monkeys, Old World monkeys

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• New World monkeys found in Central South
  America
• Arboreal (live in trees)
• Prehensile Tail can be used as a 5th limb

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• Old World monkeys found in Africa Asia
• No prehensile tail
• Can live in trees or on the ground

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• Hominoids apes humans
• Apes
• No tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from hands
• Humans
• Large brains, walk upright

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Human Ancestry

• Ch. 16, Sec. 2

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Hominids

• 5-8 mya in Africa a common ancestor branched off
  into 2 groups (chimps humans)
• Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of similar
  proteins
• Hominoids primates that can walk on 2 legs
  (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans)
• Hominids bipedal primates, only walk on 2 legs

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Early Hominids

• Australopithecine early hominids w/ apelike and
  humanlike qualities, intermediate between chimp
  and human
• Lucy
• Smaller brains, bipedal

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Modern Humans

• Humans are Homo sapiens
• Other hominids are also classified in the genus
  Homo
• 2.5 mya earliest hominids in the genus Homo

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• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolution/
• http//dsc.discovery.com/tv/ardipithecus/ardipithe
  cus.html