METRIC SYSTEM

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METRIC SYSTEM
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WHAT is the METRIC SYSTEM?

• Called the INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS.
• Used in every country but the United States,
  Liberia and Burma

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WHY SHOULD THE UNITED STATES USE THE METRIC
SYSTEM?

• Other countries companies are refusing to buy
  products from the U.S. if not labeled in metric
  units
• Scientists need a universal way to communicate
  data (SI Units) with others from different parts
  of the world.

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What are the BASIC UNITS within the METRIC
SYSTEM?

• METERS Length or Distance
• GRAMS Mass or Weight
• LITERS Volumes of Liquid, Solids or Gases

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How does the METRIC SYSTEM work?
The metric system is based on the units of 10s.
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EXAMPLE MASS AND WEIGHTS

• 10 milligrams equals 1 centigram
• 10 centigrams equals 1 decigram
• 10 decigrams equals 1 gram
• 10 grams equals 1 decagram
• 10 decagrams equals 1 hectogram
• 10 hectogram equals 1 kilogram

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THE BASIC UNIT OF MEASURE FOR LENGTH AND DISTANCE
IS THE METER
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What instrument do we use to measure LENGTH?

• To measure length we use a METER STICK.

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What is the difference between a yard stick and a
meter stick? They both look the same.
The METER STICK has more numbers so therefore
more accurate than a yard stick
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WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A METER STICK?
MILLI-METERS
10 MILLI-METERS equals 1 CENTI-METER
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10 CENTIMETER equals 1 DECIMETER
10 DECIMETERS equals 1 METER
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• 10 METERS equals 1 DEKA-METER
• 10 DEKA-METERS equals 1 HECTO-METER
• 10 HECTO-METERS equals 1 KILO-METER

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What is the numeric difference between the units
of measures?

• One millimeter is .001 because there are 1000
  millimeters in a meter.
• One centimeter is .01because there are 100
  centimeters' in a meter.
• One meter is 1.0 because there is 1 meter to a
  meter
• One kilometer is 1000.0 because there are 1000
  meters in a kilometer.

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How do I use a METER STICK?

1. Determine which unit of measure you will be
   using.
2. Place the 0 end of meter stick at the edge of the
   object you wish to measure, making sure that the
   object is at the beginning of the measurements on
   the meter stick. Disregard any spaces to the
   left of any 0.
3. Make a note of where the measurement stops. For
   example If the measurement ends on a millimeter
   tick mark, count the total meters, then the
   centimeters past the meter marks then any
   millimeters past the centimeter mark.
4. Make sure the decimal places are in their right
   spot.

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THE BASIC UNIT OF MASS AND WEIGHT THE GRAM
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MASS

• To measure MASS we use a TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE

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WEIGHT

• To measure WEIGHT we use a SCALE

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MASS AND WEIGHTS

• 10 milligrams equals 1 centigram
• 10 centigrams equals 1 decigram
• 10 decigrams equals 1 gram
• 10 grams equals 1 decagram
• 10 decagrams equals 1 hectogram
• 10 hectogram equals 1 kilogram

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HOW DO YOU USE A TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE?
With the pan empty, move the three sliders on the
three beams to their leftmost positions, so that
the balance reads zero. If the indicator on the
far right is not aligned with the fixed mark,
then calibrate the balance by turning the set
screw on the left under the pan.
calibrate
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Once the balance has been calibrated, place the
object to be measured on the pan.
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Move the 100 gram slider along the beam to the
right until the indicator drops below the fixed
mark. The notched position immediately to the
left of this point indicates the number of
hundreds of grams.
100 gram slider (middle)
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Now move the 10 gram slider along the beam to the
right until the indicator drops below the fixed
mark. The notched position immediately to the
left of this point indicates the number of tens
of grams.
10 gram slider (back)
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The beam in front is not notched the slider can
move anywhere along the beam. The boldface
numbers on this beam are grams and the tick marks
between the boldface numbers indicate tenths of
grams.
10th of GRAMS Slider (front)
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To find the mass of the object on the pan, simple
add the numbers from the three beams.
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To find the mass of the object on the pan, simple
add the numbers from the three beams.
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As with a ruler, it is possible to read the front
scale to the nearest half tick mark.
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THE BASIC UNIT OF MEASURE VOLUME OF SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS AND GASSES LITER
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MASS AND WEIGHTS

• 10 milliliters equals 1 centiliter
• 10 centiliters equals 1 deciliter
• 10 deciliters equals 1 liter
• 10 liters equals 1 decaliter
• 10 decaliters equals 1 hectoliter
• 10 hectogram equals 1 kiloliter

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To measure the volumes of liquids, solids and
gasses we use a GRADUATED CYLINDER.
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PARTS OF A GRADUATED CYLINDER
BEAK Makes it easy to pour liquids
Bumper - Keeps the cylinder from breaking if
its knocked over.
TUBE May be glass or plastic
STAND
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GRADUATED CYLINDER MEASURES
MILILITERS
10th of a milliliter
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How do you read a GRADUATED CYLINDER?

• Measuring with a graduated cylinder is
  complicated somewhat by a meniscus. 

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A meniscus is the curvature of the surface of the
water.  Water "sticks" to the walls of the
graduated cylinder, but only on the sides and not
the middle. 
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• Because of the meniscus, when you look at the
  surface, the water level is not straight
• Measurement should be at the lowest point of the
  meniscus.
• You need to read the meniscus at eye level in
  order to get an accurate reading.
• You should place the graduated cylinder on the
  table and then lower your head to be able to read
  the meniscus at eye level.

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What is the measure of this liquid?
40.8 ml
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What is VOLUME?

• VOLUME is the amount of space an object
  occupies.

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How do I find the VOLUME of an irregular shaped
object using a graduated cylinder?
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• 1. Fill the graduated cylinder to 50 ml. Make
  a note of this measurement.
• 2. You may have to fill the graduated cylinder
  to a higher level to completely submerge an
  object. In this case your beginning volume will
  change to the level you started with.
• 3. Slide the object down the side of the
  cylinder until it is completely submerged in
  water.
• 4. Make a note of this measurement.
• 5. Subtract the starting measurement from the
  ending measurement and youll have the volume of
  the irregular shaped solid.

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How do I find the VOLUME of an regular shaped
object?
Use the mathematical formula length X width X
height V³
height
length
width