Swine Reproductive Anatomy

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Swine Reproductive Anatomy Physiology

• Central Missouri NW Ohio Sow Reproductive
  Management Short Course
• December, 2002
• Mark Stewart
• Regional Livestock
• University Outreach and Extension

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Adapted From

• The Anatomy Physiology of Reproduction in Swine
  by
• Rob Knox
• Swine Reproduction Extension Specialist
• Department of Animal Sciences
• University of Illinois-Urbana

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Reproductive Function Hormones in the female
are influenced in response to
Nutrition
Disease
Lactation Length

Parity
Housing
Genetics
Age
Season
Stress
Body Condition
Management
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Reproduction Depends Upon Hormonal Interaction
and Responses
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Reproduction in Female Pigs is Cyclic
Estrus
Estrus
Estrus
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The Hypothalamus Secretes GnRH (Gonadotropin
Releasing Hormone) in response to

Nutrition

Genetics
Season
Age Weight
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The Pituitary

• Secretes gonadotropins in response to GnRH
• FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• LH Luteinizing Hormone
• Source of OXYTOCIN
• (PG600 like)

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Reproduction Depends Upon Hormones
GnRH
LH FSH
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Reproductive Hormones
Estrus
LH Causes ovulation
Estrogen Induces estrus)
Progesterone Prevents estrus
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The Reproductive Tract
Uterus
Oviduct
Ovary
Cervix
Bladder
Vagina
Vulva
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• The Vagina

• The organ for copulation (mating)
• pH unfavorable to sperm microbes

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• The Cervix

• Mucus source
• has 5 interdigitating pads
• protects fetus when closed

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• The Uterus

• the site of embryo and fetal development
• Prostaglandin production

prostaglandins
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• The Oviducts

• catch egg
• site of fertilization
• leads to uterus

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• The Ovary

• Has numerous follicles-
• -which contain eggs hormones

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Tract Comparisons
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Reproductive Function Hormones in the boar are
influenced in response to
Age
Nutrition
Disease

Housing
Genetics
Season
Body Condition
Stress
Management
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Hypothalamus Gland
GnRH
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Pituitary Gland
The Pituitary responds to GnRH production
FSH LH
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Testes
The testes respond to FSH LH presence by
beginning spermatogenesis.
FSH LH
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Reproduction Depends Upon Hormonal Interaction
and Responses
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Male Hormone Production
Androgens
Testosterone, Estrogens Ingibins
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The Hypothalamus Secretes GnRH (Gonadotropin
Releasing Hormone) in response to

Nutrition

Genetics
Season
Age Weight
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Boar Exposure Maturity Required

• Boars should be
• Reasonably aggressive
• Vocal
• Active secondary sex glands
• sub maxillary salivary glands
• pheromones