Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

• Reproductive Physiology
• Lecture 1 Introduction, Female Anatomy

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How do you interpret this image?
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Potential Ways To Interpret Image

• Direct Observation
• Looking into each others eyes
• Touching
• Physiological changes
• Heart rates increasing
• Increased blood flow to reproductive organs
• Vagina, Clitoris, Uterus (enhanced by estrogen)
• Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis

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Instructor

• John J. Parrish
• 714 Animal Science
• parrish_at_ansci.wisc.edu
• 263-4324

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Laboratories

• Tuesday, Wednesday
• Room 128 or 134 Animal Science
• 330 - 530
• may last until 600 so plan appropriately

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Text (Required)

• Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second
  Revised Edition
• P.L. Senger
• UW Bookstore
• Library (not on reserve)

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Web Page http//www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/

• Syllabus (lecture, lab and exam schedule,
  grading)
• Lecture Outlines and Handouts
• Labs
• Project Information

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434 Web Site Modifications

• Updates may occur daily.
• Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last
  year
• Fall 2006 lecture updates are usually done by
  815 the day of lecture (no guarantee)
• Lab material will be updated by the time of
  Tuesdays lecture.

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Lecture 1
Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
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Learning Objectives

• To be able to describe the female reproductive
  system in cattle.
• Structure
• Function

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Equine - Horse
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Bovine - Cattle
Male
Bull
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Ovine - Sheep
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Porcine - Swine - Pig
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Avian - Chicken
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(No Transcript)
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Rectum
Uterus
Vulva
Ovary
Vagina
Pelvis
Bladder
Oviduct
Cervix
Broad Ligament
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Broad Ligament

• connective tissue sheet which supports and
  suspends the reproductive tract

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Broad Ligament
mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx
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Ovary - Primary Sex Organ

• Functions
• Hormonal
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Female gamete
• Oocyte

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Ovary
- Estrogen, Oocyte
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Ovary
85 of Ovarian Cancers
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Atretic follicle
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Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle
Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle

Follicle Cells
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Tertiary Follicle
Antrum
(Follicular Fluid)
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Tertiary Follicle
Theca Interna
Granulosa
Oocyte
Cumulus Oophorus
Antrum
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Follicular Blood Supply
Theca interna cells
Basement Membrane
Granulosa cells
Follicular fluid
Capillary network
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Secondary Sex Organ A Series of Tubes to Convey
the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
Serosa
Submucosa
Longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Lumen
Circular smooth muscle layer
Mucosa
Muscularis
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Functions of Oviduct

• Gamete Transport
• Sperm
• Oocyte
• Supports early embryo development
• Transport of embryo to uterus

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Uterine Horn
Oviduct
Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte
Ovary
Follicle
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Oviduct
Ampulla
Mesosalpinx
Isthmus
UT Junction
Uterine Horn
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Oviduct Histology
Mucosa

• Ciliated Columnar

• Nonciliated Columnar

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Functions of the Uterus

• Muscle contractions
• Transport sperm
• Expel fetus and placenta
• Absorption and phagocytosis
• Partially prepares sperm for fertilization
• capacitation
• Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
• Hormone production
• Prostaglandin F2a production

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Uterus (bovine)
horn
body

• Bicornuate
• poorly to moderately developed uterine horns
• uterine body
• one cervix

cervix
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Caruncles
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Uterine Histology
Endometrium
Endometrial Glands
Perimetrium
Myometrium
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Uterine Histology
Mucosa
Endometrial Gland
Endometrium
Submucosa
Myometrium
Perimetrium
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Functions of the Cervix

• Transport of sperm
• Barrier to sperm (species dependent)
• Reservoir for sperm
• Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy
• Birth canal

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COW
Uterine Body

• Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue

• Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and
  ovulation.

Cervix
Cow has 4-5 annular rings
Vagina
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Cervix
COW
Internal Os
Cervical Ring
Cervical Ring
Fornix
Fornix
External Os
Fornix
EWE
Anterior Vagina
Anterior Vagina
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Functions of the Vagina

• Copulatory organ
• Glands secrete lubrication
• Birth canal
• Glands secrete pheromones

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Vagina
Anterior Vagina
Cervix
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Columnar Epithelium
Urethra
Submucosa
Submucosa
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Posterior Vaginal Histology
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Mucosa
Submucosa
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Function of External Genitalia

• Labia
• Closes entrance to vagina
• Clitoris
• Female sensory organ

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External Genitalia of the Cow
Anus
Vulva
Labia
Clitoris
Labia
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Phenomena For Fertility

• vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth
• female bedbug - no vagina
• hysterectomy - if woman went to long without
  becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in
  body causing hysteria and other distresses
• hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the
  male penis female also has a false scrotum
  (labia) female is the dominate sex and produces
  more testosterone than male