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Human Geography By James Rubenstein

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Title: Human Geography By James Rubenstein


1
Human Geography By James Rubenstein
  • Chapter 4
  • Key Issue 1
  • Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and
    Diffuse?

2
Habit
  • A repetitive act that a particular individual
    performs.

3
Custom
  • A repetitive act of a group, performed to the
    extent that it becomes characteristic of the
    group.

4
A collection of social customs produces a groups
material culture.
5
Two basic categories of material culture
  • Folk Culture
  • Popular Culture

6
Folk Culture
  • Material culture traditionally practiced
    primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in
    isolated rural areas.

7
Popular Culture
  • Material culture practiced by large,
    heterogeneous societies that share habits despite
    differences in personal characteristics, and most
    frequently originate in MDCs.

8
Scale of Territory
  • Territory of Folk culture is typically much
    smaller than that of Popular culture.

9
Through Globalization
  • popular culture is becoming more dominant,
    threatening the survival of unique folk cultures.

10
Each social custom has a unique spatial
distribution.
11
Two basic factors that explain spatial differences
  • The process of origin
  • The pattern of diffusion

12
Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
  • Folk culture originates from anonymous sources,
    at unknown dates, through unidentified
    originators.
  • Popular culture is most often a product of the
    economically more developed countries
  • - popular music
  • - fast food

13
Popular culture is becoming more dominant,
threatening the survival of unique folk cultures,
which provide a unique identity to each group of
people who occupy a specific region on Earths
surface.
14
Origin of Folk Music
  • Composed anonymously and transmitted orally.
  • Tell story or convey information about
  • - daily activities
  • - life-cycle events
  • - mysterious events

15
Example of Folk Culture
  • In Vietnam, where most people are subsistence
    farmers, information about agricultural
    technology is conveyed through folk songs.

16
Origin of Country Music
  • Folk customs may have multiple origins.
  • Geographer George Carney identified 4 major
    hearths of country music
  • - southern Appalachia
  • - Central Tennessee and Kentucky
  • - the Ozark and Ouachita uplands
  • - north-central Texas

17
Origins of country music
18
Origin of Popular Music
  • Written by specific individuals for the purpose
    of being sold to a large number of people.
  • Originated around 1900
  • Diffusion of American popular music worldwide
    began during World War II

19
Tin Pan AlleyCluster of music writers and
publishers in New York City.
20
Diffusion of Hip Hop
  • Originated in New York in late 1970s.
  • A return to a very local form of music
    expression.
  • Diffused rapidly around the world through
    globalization.

21
Proximity of prominent hip hop performers.
22
Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures
Popular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively
through the use of modern communications and
transportation.
23
The Spread of Popular Culture
  • Follows the process of hierarchical diffusion
    from hearths or nodes of innovation.
  • - Hollywood (movies)
  • - Madison Avenue (advertising)

24
Folk Culture
  • Is transmitted from one location to another.
  • - More slowly
  • - At a smaller scale
  • - Through relocation
    diffusion

25
Relocation Diffusion
  • The spread of a characteristic through migration.

26
The Amish
  • An example of Relocation Diffusion.
  • Distinctive clothing, farming, and religious
    practices.
  • Shun mechanical and electrical power.
  • Travel by horse and buggy and continue to use
    hand tools for farming.

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31
Amish Settlements
  • Number only about 70,000 in US.
  • Visible on the landscape in at least 17 states.

32
Amish Settlements
33
Amish History
  • Originated in Switzerland, France, and Germany
    in the 1600s.
  • Followers of Swiss Mennonite bishop Jakob
    Ammann.
  • Two waves of Amish families migrated to U.S.
  • - in early 1700s, to Pennsylvania.
  • - in early 1800s, to Ohio, Iowa, and Ontario.

34
Amish Communities
  • Retain their traditional customs.
  • Relatively isolated from each other.
  • Diffusing slowly through interregional
    migration.
  • - in search of inexpensive farm land
  • - to escape influx of tourists

35
Soccer
  • An example of hierarchical diffusion of Popular
    Culture.
  • In the latter 20th Century, the worlds most
    popular sport.
  • Began as a folk culture.

36
Early History of Soccer
  • Earliest documented contest took place in 11th
    century England (called Kick the Danes head).
  • Between rival villages, with the winners kicking
    the ball into the center of the rival village.
  • Renamed football in 12th Century.
  • Banned by King Henry II at end of 12th Century.
  • Legalized in 1603 by King James I.

37
From the World to Houston
PELE
38
Globalization of Soccer
  • Began in 1800s.
  • Rules were standardized in 1863.
  • The Dutch were the first continental Europeans
    to play soccer in 1870s.
  • The British diffused the game throughout their
    empire.
  • Soccer was further diffused by radio and
    television.

39
The Diffusion of Rugby
  • Originated in England in 1823, when football
    (soccer) player picked up the ball and ran with
    it.
  • Spread to the US in 1873, when Harvard
    representative successfully argued the adoption
    of rugby rules over soccer.
  • Later modified into American Style football.
  • Similar modification of Rugby rules were taken
    by Canadians, Australians, and the Irish.

40
Some Other Preferred Popular Sports
  • Cricket is popular in Britain and former British
    Colonies.
  • Ice hockey prevails in Canada, Northern Europe,
    and Russia.
  • Forms of Martial Arts are popular in China.
  • Baseball in the US and Japan.

41
Lacrosse
  • Known as bump hips began among the Iroquois
    Confederation of North America.

42
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43
GLOBALIZATION OF AN AMERICAN SPORT
BASKETBALL, Ranong Province, Thailand
44
TAKRAM, sport in Thailand that is a combination
of soccer (no hands) volleyball (net)
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