Title: Human Geography By James Rubenstein
1Human Geography By James Rubenstein
- Chapter 4
- Key Issue 1
- Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and
Diffuse?
2Habit
- A repetitive act that a particular individual
performs.
3Custom
- A repetitive act of a group, performed to the
extent that it becomes characteristic of the
group.
4A collection of social customs produces a groups
material culture.
5Two basic categories of material culture
- Folk Culture
- Popular Culture
6Folk Culture
- Material culture traditionally practiced
primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in
isolated rural areas.
7Popular Culture
- Material culture practiced by large,
heterogeneous societies that share habits despite
differences in personal characteristics, and most
frequently originate in MDCs.
8Scale of Territory
- Territory of Folk culture is typically much
smaller than that of Popular culture.
9Through Globalization
- popular culture is becoming more dominant,
threatening the survival of unique folk cultures.
10Each social custom has a unique spatial
distribution.
11Two basic factors that explain spatial differences
- The process of origin
- The pattern of diffusion
12Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
- Folk culture originates from anonymous sources,
at unknown dates, through unidentified
originators. - Popular culture is most often a product of the
economically more developed countries - - popular music
- - fast food
13Popular culture is becoming more dominant,
threatening the survival of unique folk cultures,
which provide a unique identity to each group of
people who occupy a specific region on Earths
surface.
14Origin of Folk Music
- Composed anonymously and transmitted orally.
- Tell story or convey information about
- - daily activities
- - life-cycle events
- - mysterious events
15Example of Folk Culture
- In Vietnam, where most people are subsistence
farmers, information about agricultural
technology is conveyed through folk songs.
16Origin of Country Music
- Folk customs may have multiple origins.
- Geographer George Carney identified 4 major
hearths of country music - - southern Appalachia
- - Central Tennessee and Kentucky
- - the Ozark and Ouachita uplands
- - north-central Texas
17Origins of country music
18Origin of Popular Music
- Written by specific individuals for the purpose
of being sold to a large number of people. - Originated around 1900
- Diffusion of American popular music worldwide
began during World War II
19Tin Pan AlleyCluster of music writers and
publishers in New York City.
20Diffusion of Hip Hop
- Originated in New York in late 1970s.
- A return to a very local form of music
expression. - Diffused rapidly around the world through
globalization.
21Proximity of prominent hip hop performers.
22Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures
Popular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively
through the use of modern communications and
transportation.
23The Spread of Popular Culture
- Follows the process of hierarchical diffusion
from hearths or nodes of innovation. - - Hollywood (movies)
- - Madison Avenue (advertising)
24Folk Culture
- Is transmitted from one location to another.
- - More slowly
- - At a smaller scale
- - Through relocation
diffusion
25Relocation Diffusion
- The spread of a characteristic through migration.
26The Amish
- An example of Relocation Diffusion.
- Distinctive clothing, farming, and religious
practices. - Shun mechanical and electrical power.
- Travel by horse and buggy and continue to use
hand tools for farming.
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31Amish Settlements
- Number only about 70,000 in US.
- Visible on the landscape in at least 17 states.
32Amish Settlements
33Amish History
- Originated in Switzerland, France, and Germany
in the 1600s. - Followers of Swiss Mennonite bishop Jakob
Ammann. - Two waves of Amish families migrated to U.S.
- - in early 1700s, to Pennsylvania.
- - in early 1800s, to Ohio, Iowa, and Ontario.
34Amish Communities
- Retain their traditional customs.
- Relatively isolated from each other.
- Diffusing slowly through interregional
migration. - - in search of inexpensive farm land
- - to escape influx of tourists
35Soccer
- An example of hierarchical diffusion of Popular
Culture. - In the latter 20th Century, the worlds most
popular sport. - Began as a folk culture.
36Early History of Soccer
- Earliest documented contest took place in 11th
century England (called Kick the Danes head). - Between rival villages, with the winners kicking
the ball into the center of the rival village. - Renamed football in 12th Century.
- Banned by King Henry II at end of 12th Century.
- Legalized in 1603 by King James I.
37From the World to Houston
PELE
38Globalization of Soccer
- Began in 1800s.
- Rules were standardized in 1863.
- The Dutch were the first continental Europeans
to play soccer in 1870s. - The British diffused the game throughout their
empire. - Soccer was further diffused by radio and
television.
39The Diffusion of Rugby
- Originated in England in 1823, when football
(soccer) player picked up the ball and ran with
it. - Spread to the US in 1873, when Harvard
representative successfully argued the adoption
of rugby rules over soccer. - Later modified into American Style football.
- Similar modification of Rugby rules were taken
by Canadians, Australians, and the Irish.
40Some Other Preferred Popular Sports
- Cricket is popular in Britain and former British
Colonies. - Ice hockey prevails in Canada, Northern Europe,
and Russia. - Forms of Martial Arts are popular in China.
- Baseball in the US and Japan.
41Lacrosse
- Known as bump hips began among the Iroquois
Confederation of North America.
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43GLOBALIZATION OF AN AMERICAN SPORT
BASKETBALL, Ranong Province, Thailand
44TAKRAM, sport in Thailand that is a combination
of soccer (no hands) volleyball (net)