Rulers and buildings

1
Rulers and buildings

• Qutub minar

2
Rulers and buildings

• In this chapter we will discuss about a few
  buildings and temples along with their
  architecture and engineering skills.
• The buildings are Kutub Minaret, Jama masjid,
  temples like Kandariya Mahadeva, Rajarajeshwara
  temple, and Golden temple.

3
It is a five storeys high minaret

• This is the first balcony-which was constructed
  by Qutbuddin Aybak. The remaining flours was
  completed by Iltutmish around 1229
• Over the years it was damaged by earthquakes and
  lightning and repaired by Alauddin Khalji,
  Muhammad Tughlak, Firoz Shah Tughlak and Ibrahim
  Lodhi

4
Engineering skills and construction

• Superstructure is the part of the building above
  the ground floor.
• Roofs, doors and windows were made by placing a
  horizontal beam across two vertical columns, a
  style of architecture called trebeate or
  corbelled
• Between the 8th and 13th century the trebeate
  style was used to construct temples and mosques
  along with stepped wells called baolis.

5
KandariyaMahadeva temple

• This is the largest and most beautiful Hindu
  temple in the medieval period. This type of
  temple group are found at Khajuraho in Madhya
  Pradesh, India. It was built by Vidyadhara.
• It is considered one of the best examples of
  temples preserved from the medieval period in
  India.
• Kajuraho was once the religious capital of the
  Chandela Rajputs and today is one of the most
  popular tourist destinations in India.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Rajarajeshwara temple

• It had one of the tallest Shikhara of that time.
• All this done without the use of cranes as there
  were no cranes in those days.

8

• Rajarajeshwara Temple. ... at Thanjavur in the
  Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is a Hindu temple of
  Lord Shiva. This temple is one of India's most
  prized architectural sites.
• The Shikhara of the Rajarajeshwara temple is
  twice as high as that of the Kandariya Mahadeva
  temple.

9
Rajarajeshwara temple

• The temple is regarded as one of the existing 108
  ancient Shiva Temples of Kerala. It also has a
  prominent place amongst the numerous Shiva
  temples in South India. It had the tallest
  shikhara amongst the temples of its time. The
  Rajarajeshwara temple has a top of about 90
  tonnes. If any problem is encountered in the
  other temples of South India, devotees seek a
  solution in this temple through a prasna, a
  traditional method of astrological decision
  making. The prasna is conducted on a peedha (a
  raised platform) outside the temple.

10
Jama Masjid

• Built by Shah Jahan

11
Jama Masjid

• Jama Masjid (Hindi ???? ??????, Urdu ????
  ????) of Delhi, is the principal mosque of Old
  Delhi in India. Commissioned by the Mughal
  Emperor Shah Jahan,he built this mosque in the
  year 1650 AD and completed in the year 1656 AD,
  it is the largest and best-known mosque in India.
  It lies at the beginning of the Chawri Bazar
  Road, a very busy central street of Old Delhi.

12
JAMA MASJID

• The later name, Jama Masjid, refers to the weekly
  Friday noon congregation prayers of Muslims,
  Jummah, which are usually done in a mosque, the
  "congregational mosque" or "Jama masjid". The
  courtyard of the mosque can hold up to
  twenty-five thousand worshippers. The mosque also
  houses several relics in a closet in the north
  gate, including an antique copy of the Qur'an
  written on deer skin

13

• Picture of Jama Masjid

14
The golden temple in Amritsar
15

• Pictures of Golden temple

16
Golden temple

• The Harmandir Sahib also Darbar Sahib and
  informally referred to as the Golden Temple is a
  prominent Sikh Gurdwara located in the city of
  Amritsar, Punjab, India. It was built by the
  fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan, in the 16th Century.

17
GOLDEN TEMPLE

• The main structure rises from the centre of the
  sacred pool, 150 metres square, approached by a
  causeway about 60 metres long. An archway on the
  western side of the pool opens on to the
  causeway, bordered with marble, and, at close
  intervals, there are standard lamps, their great
  lanterns set upon marble columns. The 52-metre
  square-based Hari Mandir, to which the causeway
  leads, stands on a 20-metre square platform. Its
  lower parts are of white marble, but the upper
  parts are covered with plates of gilded copper.
  In the interior, on the ground floor, is the Guru
  Granth Sahib, placed under a gorgeous canopy,
  studded with jewels. On the second storey is a
  pavilion known as Shish Mahal or Mirror Room, so
  designed as to have a square opening in the
  centre to view from there the ground floor, with
  the further provision of a narrow courtyard
  around the square opening.

18
Our heritage

• Respect our heritage

19
Why temples were destroyed ?

• Temples were built to demonstrate their devotion
  to God and their power and wealth, it is not
  surprising that when they attacked one another's
  kingdoms they often targeted these buildings.
• In the ninth century when the Pandyan king
  Shrimara invaded Sri Lanka he defeated the King,
  Sena I, the Buddhist monk and it was noted that
  he had removed all the valuables and statue of
  Buddha was seized.

20
Why temples were destroyed?

• The next Sinhalese ruler , Sena II ordered his
  general to invade Madurai, the capital of
  Pandyas.
• Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was not a very important
  ruler but by destroying temples- especially the
  one at Somnath-he tried to win credit as a great
  hero of Islam.

21
Gardens, Tombs and Forts.

• Under the Mughals, architecture became more
  complex. Babur, Humayuns, Akbar, Jahangir, and
  Shah Jahan were personally interested in
  literature, art, and architecture.
• Babur described his interest in planning and
  laying out formal gardens, placed within
  rectangular walled enclosure and divided into
  four quarters by artificial channels. These
  gardens were called as Chahar Bagh

22

• PICTURES OF CHAHAR BAGH

23
Humayuns tomb

• Constructed between 1562-1571
• It has a central towering dome and the tall
  gateway.
• The tomb was placed in the centre of a huge
  formal Chahar Bagh.
• It has a central hall surrounded by eight rooms
  known as eight paradises.

24
Taj Mahal

• Built by Shah Jahan, in Agra on the bank of river
  Yamuna.
• The dwelling was located at the edge of Chahar
  Bagh, close to the river.
• Taj Mahal is also called as Mumtaz Mahal as it
  was constructed in the memory of his wife Mumtaz.
• Taj Mahal was constructed over a period of
  twenty-two years, employing twenty thousand
  workers. It was completed in 1648 C.E. at a cost
  of 32 Million Rupees.
• It is widely accepted as the Jewel of Muslim art
  in India. It is universally admired masterpieces
  of the world heritage. Today it ranks 3rd amount
  the eight wonders of the world.

25

• PICTURES OF TAJ MAHAL

26
Region and Empire

• In Vijaynagar elephant stables of the rulers were
  strongly influenced by the style of architecture.
• In Vrindavan, near Mathura, temples were
  constructed in architectural styles that were
  very similar to the Mughal palaces in Fatehpur
  Sikri.
• The "Bangla dome" was used by the Mughals.

27
THANKS A LOT

• ALL THE BEST ALWAYS