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Nov. 8: The Rise of the Medieval University

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Nov. 8: The Rise of the Medieval University. Background to Universities ... The Ancients in Medieval Schools. Plato: 11th and 12th centuries. Mostly Timaeus ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nov. 8: The Rise of the Medieval University


1
Nov. 8 The Rise of the Medieval University
2
Background to Universities
  • 9th-13th centuries population explosion
  • Primogeniture
  • Earlier schools monastery schools, cathedral
    schools, private tutors/schools

3
  • I will not speak of those logicians before whose
    eves flitted constantly the lice of Egypt, that
    is to say, all the sophistical subtleties, so
    that no one could comprehend their eloquent
    discourses in which, as says Isaiah, there is no
    wisdom. As to the doctors of theology, seated,
    in Moses' seat, they were swollen with learning,
    but their charity was not edifying. Teaching and
    not practicing, they have become as sounding
    brass or a tinkling cymbal, or like a canal of
    stone, always dry, which ought to carry water to
    the bed of spices. They not only hated one
    another, but by their flatteries they enticed
    away the students of others each one seeking his
    own glory, but caring not a whit about the
    welfare of souls.
  • - Jacques de Vitry, 13th century

4
Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
  • Thus it came about that my teaching won such
    strength and authority that even those who before
    had clung most vehemently to my former master,
    and most bitterly attacked my doctrines, now
    flocked to my school.

5
Birth of Universities
  • Founded on guild principle
  • University group of organized workers. Denotes
    totality of the group.
  • Mobile universities own no buildings and are
    not tied to locations.

6
Paris
  • University of Masters
  • Charter granted 1200, organized 1150-70
  • Known for theology

7
Bologna
  • Officially organized in 1200 actually organized
    1150
  • Known for Law
  • University of Students
  • Defense against townspeople
  • Defense against their other enemies, the
    professors

8
The Professor Must...
  • Not be absent without leave
  • Be able to attract more than 5 students
  • Begin with the bell and end with the bell
  • Not skip chapters of commentary
  • Not postpone difficulties until the end of the
    hour
  • Cover ground systematically and completely

9
(No Transcript)
10
Other Universities
  • Oxford 1220
  • Salerno 1231, known for medicine (but it was a
    center for medical learning before then)
  • Size of universities 200-800
  • Biggest 2,500.
  • 1200 universities have become intellectual
    centers of Europe

11
Student Life
12
  • I, a wandering scholar lad,
  • Born for toil and sadness,
  • Oftentimes am driven by
  • Poverty to madness.
  • These torn clothes that cover me
  • Are too thin and rotten
  • Oft I have to suffer cold,
  • By the warmth forgotten
  • Bibit hera, bibit herus,
  • Bibit miles, bibit clerus,
  • Bibit ille, bibit illa,
  • Bibit serrus cum ancilla,
  • Bibit velox, bibit piger,
  • Bibit albus, bibit niger,
  • Bibit constans, bibit vagus,
  • Bibit rudis, bibit magus.

13
Curriculum
  • B.A. liberal arts 3 philosophies. 4 yrs.
  • Emphasis on grammar declines emphasis on logic
    increases
  • M.A. emphasis on 3 philosophies. 2 yrs.
  • Medicine 5-6 yrs.
  • Law 7-8 yrs.
  • Theology 8-16 yrs.

14
The Liberal Arts
15
Natural Philosophy
16
The Ancients in Medieval Schools
  • Plato 11th and 12th centuries. Mostly Timaeus
  • Aristotle late 12th-13th centuries. Especially
    logic, natural philosophy
  • - Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus (Albert the
    Great)

17
Thomas Aquinas (1224-74)
  • Goal is to reconcile philosophy and especially
    Aristotle with theology
  • Philosophy handmaiden to theology

18
Scholastic Humanism
  • Scholasticism attempt to collect and assimilate
    all knowledge. Very optimistic
  • Humanism affirmation of human reason.
  • Even though the natural light of the human mind
    is inadequate to make known what is revealed by
    faith, nevertheless what is divinely taught to
    us by faith cannot be contrary to what we are
    endowed with by nature. One or the other would
    have to be false, and since we have both or them
    from God, He would be the cause of our error,
    which is impossible.
  • - Thomas Aquinas

19
Disputation method much simplified
  • Q Whether the Earth is round?
  • Objection 1 We would fall off
  • Objection 2 It appears to be flat
  • Reply 1 Gravity
  • Reply 2 Its really big.
  • Q Resolved The Earth is round.

20
Impact on European Life
  1. Recovery of lost knowledge
  2. Provides educated and literate bureaucrats for
    courts
  3. Textual communities that are able to discuss
    questions across geographical and chronological
    boundaries
  4. Intellectual freedom compare to Islam
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