Li6 Prosodic Phonology

1
Li6 Prosodic Phonology
2
Todays points

• Phonological rules and constraints make reference
  to prosodic categories (syllable, mora, foot,
  stress, etc.)
• they also can provide evidence for the precise
  inventory of syllables, etc. in a given language
• Prosodic phenomena show many of the same
  processes as other autosegmental phenomena
  (spreading, delinking, etc.)

3
The Minimal Word

• Reduplication in African French (common across
  Niger to Mali)
• Saying the price of something twice means so
  much per item
• cinquante cinquante 50 francs per item
• Minimal Word effect
• dix francs dix francs 10 per, not dix dix
• cent francs cent francs 100 per, not cent cent
• vingt-cinq vingt-cinq 25 per, not vingt-cinq
  francs vingt-cinq francs
• Osaka Japanese
• Tigranakert Armenian verbs

4
Reduplication

• Ilokano
• Mokilese
• Marshallese

5
Ilokano

• root reduplicated form gloss
• a. basa agbasbasa read
• adal agadadal study
• dait (2 s) agdadait sew
• takder agtaktakder standing
• trabaho agtrabtrabaho work
• b. klase klasklase class
• kaldi? kalkaldi? goat
• pusa puspusa cat
• Hypotheses
• copy first X segments
• copy first X syllables
• copy everything

6
Mokilese

• root reduplicated form gloss
• kas? kaskas? throw
• poki pokpoki beat
• wadek wadwadek read
• p?dok p?dp?dok plant
• pa papa weave
• diar didiar find

7
Marshallese

• base wear X gloss
• a. wit witwit flower
• hat hathat hat
• wac wacwac watch
• b. riyig riyigyig ring
• jehet jehethet shirt
• kagir kagirgir belt

8
Truncations

• normal pattern (truncate R)
• Catherine ? Cath, Cathy
• Lester ? Les, not Lest (cf. frus)
• Truncate L side
• freshmen, weblog, attitude, HurriCanes,
  potaters
• mushroom, hydro (type of ganja),
  betweenager, afro, telephone,
  hairdo-rag
• subtleties
• Montgomery ? Monty not Montgy
• Victoria ? Vicky, not Victy
• streptococcus ? strep (strept)

9
Do-rag
10
Armenian hypocoristics

• full name nickname
• aj ajo
• vard vardo
• mariam maro
• mkrtic m?ko
• stepan tepo
• andranik ando
• arnak arno
• bagrat bago

11
Deriving hypocoristics
4
s -o underlying form of the Armenian nickname
morpheme
s a n d - o incorporate
the -o morpheme
1
s -o a n d r a n i k map base name to syllable
template L?R
2
5
s s a n d -
o resyllabify
1
3
2
s -o a n d r a n i k delete unsyllabified base
material
3
x x x x x
12
Prosodic Circumscription

• requirement that morphological processes only
  apply to forms meeting certain prosodic
  requirements (e.g. minimal word).

13
P.C. in Ulwa

• Nicaragua Hale and Lacayo Blanco 1988
• base possessed form gloss
• a. al alka man
• bas baska hair
• ki kika stone
• b. sana sanaka deer
• amak amakka bee
• sapa sapaka forehead
• c. sulu sukalu dog
• kuhbil kuhkabil knife
• baskarna baskakarna comb
• d. siwanak siwakanak root
• analaka anakalaka chin
• karasmak karaskamak knee

14
Some practice
15
Yidiñ reduplication

• singular plural gloss
• mulari mulamulari initiated man
• tjukarpa tjukartjukarpa-n unsettled mind
• kintalpa kintalkintalpa lizard species
• kalampaRa kalakalampaRa March fly

16
Japanese hypocoristics

• Name Nickname
• ti tii-caN
• syuusuke syuu-caN
• yoosuke yoo-caN
• taizoo tai-caN
• kiNsuke kiN-caN
• midori mii-caN mit-caN mido-caN
• wasaburoo waa-caN wasa-caN sabu-caN

17
Manam

• base reduplicant gloss
• salaga salagalaga long
• moita moitaita knife
• ?arai ?arairai ginger species
• la?o la?ola?o go
• malabo? malabombo? flying fox
• ?ulan ?ulanla? desire

18
Kinande

• ku-gulu-gulu real leg
• mu-twe-mu-twe real head
• mw-ana-mw-ana real child
• m-buli-m-buli real sheep
• n-dwa-n-dwa-n-dwa real wedding
• swa-swa-swa real cabbage
• tu-gotseri no RED real sleepiness

19
Japanese rustic girls names

• Name rustic nickname
• Yuu-ko o-Yuu
• RaN-ko o-RaN
• Yuki-ko o-Yuki
• Kinu-e o-Kinu
• Midori o-Mido

20
Luganda hypocoristics

• Katamba 1995249
• How are the tones and segments assigned?
• full name hypocoristic
• Nàmúsóké Náàmú
• Nákíjóbáà Náàkí
• Sékásózì Séèká
• Gòdìfùlé Góòdí
• Sàmwéèlí Sáàmú
• Kàtéégáyáà Káàté
• Kyòòtónnályáà Kyóòtó

21
Sanskrit reduplicated aorist

• Whitney 1889309ff
• green base
• blue reduplicant
• How does the reduplication work?
• Prefix or suffix?
• Short or long vowel?
• Prediction for CCVCC roots?
• a-ri-ris-am, a-du-dus-am
• a-ci-ksip-am, a-ti-tras-am
• a-di-diks-am, a-da-daks-am, a-da-dhav-am

22
Conclusions

• Independence of prosodic and segmental structure
• Part of the theory of autosegmental phonology
• Phonological rules and constraints can be
  sensitive to prosodic structure
• Morphemes do not always have segmental content
  they may just be prosodic templates