Anatomy of Suprarenal Glands

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Anatomy of Suprarenal Glands

• Yuniarti
• Anatomy Department
• Faculty of Medicine
• UNISBA

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• Location
• of Suprarenal Glands
• Located between the superomedial aspects of the
  kidneys and the diaphragm

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• The pyramidal right gland is more apical
  (situated over the superior pole) relative to the
  right kidney, lies anterolateral to the right of
  the diaphragm, and makes contact with the IVC
  anteromedially and the liver anterolaterally

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• The crescent-shaped left gland is medial to the
  superior half of the left kidney and is related
  to the spleen, stomach, pancreas and the left of
  the diaphragm

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• Suprarenal glands surrounded by connective
  tissue containing
• considerable perinephric fat
• Suprarenal glands are enclosed by renal fascia
  by which they are attached to
• the crura of the diaphragm
• Each gland has a hilum, where the veins and
  lymphatic vessels exit the gland
• whereas arteries and nerve enter the glands at
  multiple sites
• They are separated from the kidneys by a thin
  septum (part of the renal fascia)

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• The medial borders of the suprarenal glands are
  4-5 cm apart. In this area,
• from right to left, are the IVC, right of the
  diaphragm, celiac ganglion,
• celiac trunk, SMA and the left of the
  diaphragm.

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• Each suprarenal gland has two parts
• Suprarenal cortex
• Suprarenal medulla

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• SUPRARENAL CORTEX
• Derives from mesoderm

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• SUPRARENAL MEDULLA
• Derive from neural crest cells associated
• with the sympathetic nervous system
• The cromaffin cells secrete catecholamines /
  epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE), also
• called adrenaline and noradrenaline,
  respectively.
• Unlike the hormones of the adrenal cortex, the
  hormones of the adrenal medulla are not essential
  for life sincethey only intensify sympathetic
  responses in other parts of the body.

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• Action of catecholamine
• Increased heart rate
• Increased force of cardiac muscle contraction
• Elevated blood pressure
• Increased breathing rate
• Decreased activity in the digestive system

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Vascularisation of suprarenal glands Suprarenal
glands arteries Superior suprarenal
arteries Middle suprarenal arteries
Inferior suprarenal arteries
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Venous drainage Right suprarenal vein
drains into the IVC Left suprarenal vein
drains into the left renal vein
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Lymphatic Suprarenal Glands The lymph passes to
the right left lumbar lymph nodes
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• Nerves of the suprarenal glands
• Celiac plexus
• Abdominopelvic (greater, lesser and least)
  splanchnic nerve

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• Myelinated presynaptic sympathetic fibers mainly
  derived from lateral horn of gray matter of the
  spinal cord segments T10-L1 -- transverse both
  the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia,
  without synapse, to be distributed to the
  chromaffin cells in the suprarenal medulla.

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