American Industrial Revolution

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American Industrial Revolution
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Pre-industrial ways of working

• The family labor system
• Work at or near home, winter work
• Barter system, just price, no schedule
• Family apprenticeships

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• Patriarchy in family, work, and society
• The Social order
• Only the wealthy were involved in political/civic
  affairs
• Gradual change following the Am. Revolution

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The Market Revolution

• Brought on by improvements in transportation,
  commercialization, industrialization
• Importance of capital invest in American
  business following Embargo Act and War of 1812

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• Putting out system made at home, piecework,
  central shops
• British Technology brought to America (ripe for
  industrialization)
• Slaters Mill smuggled plans, use of women,
  children, importance of tariffs

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Pawtucket, RI
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• Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell, power loom,
  able to compete w/ British, development of
  industrial community
• Family mills disagreements w/ towns
• The American System of Manufactures
• Interchangeable parts, Whitney, Springfield
  Rifle, clocks, sewing machines

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Lowell Mills
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Springfield Rifle
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From Artisan to Worker

• Change in personal relationships
• Employer/employee, Wage slaves, freedom to
  starve, paternalism
• Mechanization and womens work
• Low skill work, oversupply of workers, garment
  industry, long hours, low pay

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• Time, work, and leisure
• Separation of work and leisure, controlled by the
  clock, growth of leisure time activities and
  class distinctions
• Free Labor
• Right of laborers to move from job to job, right
  to strike?
• Early strikes
• Led by women, mostly unsuccessful, demand for the
  10 hour day

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The Rat Race
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Transportation Revolution

• Erie Canal, steamboats, railroads

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• Increased govt. regulation
• LLCs lead to more industrialization
• Shift to commercial agriculture
• Regional specialization
• Reliance on outside economic forces
• Improved farm technology/yield

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Charles Finney

• Evangelical Preacher
• Part of Second Great Awakening
• Doctrine of Free Will
• Social Reform including temperance

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Why Temperance?
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Immigration and Conflict

• Differences between British, German, and Irish
  Immigrants
• Nativism
• Anti-Catholicism

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Catholicism incompatible with Republicanism?