Chapter 3 The English Colonies

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Chapter 3 The English Colonies
Section Notes
Video
The Southern Colonies The New England
Colonies The Middle Colonies Life in the English
Colonies Conflict in the Colonies
Freedom of Religion
Maps
The Thirteen Colonies Triangular Trade North
American Empires before and after the treaty of
Paris
History Close-up
Plymouth Colony
Quick Facts
Images
Church and State Characteristics of the Middle
Colonies The Road to Revolution Chapter 3 Visual
Summary
Peter Stuyvesant The Great Awakening Primary
Source The Boston Massacre
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The Southern Colonies

• The Big Idea
• Despite a difficult beginning, the southern
  colonies soon flourished.
• Main Ideas
• The settlement in Jamestown was the first
  permanent English settlement in America.
• Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the
  colonists.
• Religious freedom and economic opportunities were
  motives for founding other southern colonies,
  including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
• Farming and slavery were important to the
  economies of the southern colonies.

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Main Idea 1 The settlement in Jamestown was the
first permanent English settlement in America.

• King James I allowed the London Company to settle
  in a region called Virginia.
• The first colonists arrived in America on April
  26, 1607.
• They settled in Jamestown, the first permanent
  English settlement in America.
• The colonists were not prepared to build and
  farm. Two-thirds died by their first winter.

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Jamestown
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Relations with Native Americans

• John Smith became the leader of Jamestown in
  1608.
• Colonists were helped by the powerful Powhatan
  Confederacy of Indians.
• More settlers arrived, but many died from famine
  and disease.
• Settler John Rolfe married Pocahontas, which
  helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan.
• Conflict started between colonists and the
  Powhatan in 1622 and lasted for 20 years.

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Main Idea 2 Daily life in Virginia was
challenging to the colonists.

• Headright System
• Large farms, called plantations, were established
  by tobacco farmers.
• Colonists who paid their way received 50 acres of
  land and 50 acres for each person they brought.

• Labor
• Most workers were indentured servants people who
  came to America for free by agreeing to work
  without pay for a set amount of time.
• The first Africans were brought as slaves and
  servants in 1619. Increased work and the falling
  cost of slaves led colonists to use more slave
  labor.

• Bacons Rebellion
• Colonial officials began to tax colonists.
• Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the
  governors policies in 1676.

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Main Idea 3Religious freedom and economic
opportunities were motives for founding other
southern colonies, including Maryland, the
Carolinas, and Georgia.

• English Catholics came to America to escape
  religious persecution.
• Maryland was founded as a refuge for Catholics by
  Lord Baltimore in 1634.
• The Maryland assembly passed the Toleration Act
  of 1649 to support religious tolerance.
• The Carolinas and Georgia expanded economic
  opportunities.

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The Carolinas and Georgia

• The Carolinas
• Carolina was founded south of Virginia in 1663.
• It was divided into North and South Carolina in
  1712.
• Most colonists in North Carolina were farmers.
• South Carolina had large plantations with many
  slaves.

• Georgia
• Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a
  refuge for debtors in 1733.
• He wanted small farms, so he outlawed slavery and
  limited land grants.
• Settlers grew unhappy, and Georgia became a royal
  colony. Large rice plantations, worked by many
  slaves, were created.

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Main Idea 4Farming and slavery were important
to the economies of the southern colonies.

• Economies of the South depended on agriculture.
  Cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo.
• The climate allowed for a long growing season
  thus, more labor was needed
• Enslaved Africans became the main source of
  labor.
• The conditions of slavery were brutal.
• Slave codes, or laws to control slaves, were
  passed.

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The New England Colonies

• The Big Idea
• English colonists traveled to New England to
  gain religious freedom.
• Main Ideas
• The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to
  avoid religious persecution.
• Religion and government were closely linked in
  the New England colonies.
• The New England economy was based on trade and
  farming.
• Education was important in the New England
  colonies.

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Main Idea 1 The Pilgrims and Puritans came to
America to avoid religious persecution.

• Puritans wanted to purify, or reform, the
  Anglican Church.
• Pilgrims wanted to separate from Anglican Church.
• Some pilgrims left England to escape persecution.
  They became immigrants, people who leave the
  country of their birth to live in another country.

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Religious Freedom
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The Pilgrims

• Left Netherlands in 1620 on Mayflower.
• Signed Mayflower Compact legal contract agreeing
  to have fair laws.
• Arrived at Plymouth Rock in present-day
  Massachusetts in late 1620.

Mayflower Compact

• Squanto taught Pilgrims to fertilize soil.
• Pilgrims celebrate first Thanksgiving with the
  Wampanoag Indians.

Native Americans
Pilgrim Community

• Most were farmers.
• Family members worked together.

• Cooked, sewed clothing, wove wool.
• Had more legal rights than in England.

Women
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The Puritans

• Puritans were dissenters who disagreed with
  official opinions and church actions in England.
  
• Many thousands left England in Great Migration
  from 1629 to 1640.
• Puritan colonists led by John Winthrop went to
  Massachusetts to seek religious freedom.
• Established Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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Main Idea 2Religion and government were closely
linked in the New England colonies.

• Established a General Court that turned into a
  type of self-government.
• Government leaders were also church members.
• Dissenters were forced out of the colony.

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Religious Conflicts

• Thomas Hooker and followers founded Connecticut
  to make government more democratic.
• Roger Williams founded Providence and supported
  the separation of church and state.
• Anne Hutchinson questioned teachings of religious
  leaders and was forced out of Colony.
• In the 1690s, Salem held the largest number of
  witchcraft trials. Nineteen people were put to
  death.

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Main Idea 2 The New England economy was based
on trade and farming.
Farming

• Harsh climate and rocky soil meant few cash
  crops.
• Most farming families grew crops and raised
  animals for their own use.
• Little need for slaves

Trade

• Merchants traded goods locally, with other
  colonies, and overseas.
• Fishing was one of regions leading industries.
• Shipbuilding was also an important industry.

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Main Idea 4Education was important in the New
England colonies.

• Public Education
• Communities established town schools.
• Students used New England Primer, which had
  stories from the Bible.
• Availability of schooling varied in the colonies.
• Most children stopped education after elementary
  grades.

• Higher Education
• Important to colonists
• John Harvard and the General Court founded
  Harvard College in 1636.
• College of William and Mary founded in Virginia
  in 1693.

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The Middle Colonies

• The Big Idea
• People from many nations settled in the middle
  colonies.
• Main Ideas
• The English created New York and New Jersey from
  former Dutch territory.
• William Penn established the colony of
  Pennsylvania.
• The economy of the middle colonies was supported
  by trade and staple crops.

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Main Idea 1The English created New York and New
Jersey from former Dutch territory.

• New York
• Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur
  trading post.
• New Amsterdam was center of fur trade.
• Peter Stuyvesant led the colony from 1647-1664.
• English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it
  New York.

• New Jersey
• English took control in 1664.
• The colony occupied land between the Hudson and
  Delaware rivers.
• Had diverse population, including Dutch, Swedes,
  Finns, and Scots.

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Main Idea 2 William Penn established the
colony of Pennsylvania.

• Society of Friends, or Quakers, was one of
  largest religious groups in New Jersey.
• Quakers, who supported nonviolence and religious
  tolerance, were persecuted.
• William Penn founded Pennsylvania, a larger
  colony for Quakers that provided a safe home.
• Penn limited his power, established an elected
  assembly, and promised religious freedom to all
  Christians.

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Main Idea 3 The economy of the middle colonies
was supported by trade and staple crops.

• Middle colonies had good climate and rich soil to
  grow staple crops, crops that are always needed.
• Crops included wheat, barley, and oats.
• There were slaves, but indentured servants were a
  larger source of labor.
• Trade to Britain and the West Indies was
  important to the economy of middle colonies.

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Womens Contributions

• Ran farms and businesses, such as clothing
  stores, drugstores, and bakeries.
• Some were nurses and midwives.
• Most worked primarily in the home.
• Married women managed households and raised
  children.

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Life in the English Colonies

• The Big Idea
• The English colonies continued to grow despite
  many challenges.
• Main Ideas
• Colonial governments were influenced by political
  changes in England.
• English trade laws limited free trade in the
  colonies.
• The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment led to
  ideas of political equality among many colonists.
• The French and Indian War gave England control of
  more land in North America.

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Main Idea 1 Colonial governments were
influenced by political changes in England.

• King James II wanted more control over English
  government, including the colonies.
• United northern colonies under one government
  were called the Dominion of New England in 1686.
• Parliament replaced the unpopular King James II
  and passed the English Bill of Rights in 1689.
• The colonies in the Dominion formed new
  assemblies and charters and could elect their own
  representatives.

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Colonial Governments
Governments

• Each English colony had its own government.
• Each government was given power by a charter.
• The English monarch had ultimate authority over
  the colonies.

Governors and Legislatures

• The Governor served as head of the government.
• Most were assisted by an advisory council.
• Some colonies had elected representatives.
• Virginia established the first colonial
  legislature in 1619.
• The town meeting was the center of New England
  political life.
• Colonial courts that reflected the beliefs of
  their communities were used to control local
  affairs.

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Main Idea 2 English trade laws limited free
trade in the colonies.

• Earning money from trade was one of Englands
  reasons for founding and controlling the
  colonies.
• England practiced mercantilism a system of
  creating and maintaining wealth through
  controlled trade.
• Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to limit
  colonial trade.
• The colonies complained about trade restrictions.

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Colonial Trade

• Trade between the American colonies and Great
  Britain was not direct.
• Triangular trade was a system in which goods and
  slaves were traded among the Americas, Great
  Britain, and Africa.
• Slave trade brought millions of Africans to the
  Americas on a voyage called the Middle Passage.
• Terrible conditions on the Middle Passage caused
  thousands of captives to die on slave ships.

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Main Idea 3 The Great Awakening and the
Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality
among many colonists.

• Great Awakening
• Religious leaders wanted to spread religious
  feelings.
• The Great Awakeninga religious movement that
  swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740schanged
  religion.
• Revivals became popular places to talk about
  political and social issues.

• Enlightenment
• Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that
  reason could improve society.
• Also formed ideas on how government should work.
• Said that people had natural rights such as
  equality and liberty.
• Influenced colonial leaders.

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Question of the Day

• Which rivers were the most important during the
  earliest days of the colonies?
• A. The Delaware and Hudson Rivers
• B. The Rio Grande and Snake Rivers
• C. The Missouri and Mississippi Rivers
• D. The Colorado and Columbia Rivers

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French and Indian War Pretest

• The French got along better with the Indians than
  did the English settlers.
• Albany Plan was designed by the English colonists
  as a way to defeat the Spanish.
• As a result of the French and Indian War, many
  English settlers moved west of the Appalachian
  Mountains.
• Another result of the French and Indian War was
  that England lost all of her claims in Canada.

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• Pontiac was an Indian chief who organized the
  Indian
• tribes to drive out English settlers.
• Pittsburgh was once called Fort Duquesne.
• George Washington led colonial militia into
  western Pennsylvania.
• The French and Indian War was fought between
  French settlers and the Indians.
• The peace treaty which ended the war gave all of
  the land east of the Mississippi River to the
  English.
• The use of traditional military tactics led to
  the defeat of General Braddock.

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French and British Conflict
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Question of the Day

• Which of the following contributed most to the
  economic differences among the original 13
  colonies?
• A. Geography and climate
• B. Technology and religion
• C. Native American influences
• D. British influence

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Question of the Day

• In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the plantation
  system and slavery grew in America because
• An increase in the demand for cotton led to
  landowners needing hundreds of laborers to work
  their farms
• As slaves grew in number, plantations had to
  expand because of population growth
• As the number of slaves became too large, many of
  them were shipped off to Africa or the Caribbean
• Selling slaves was outlawed, so plantation owners
  forced their slaves to have more children, who
  were given to other plantation owners.

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Question of the Day

• Which statement is true?
• A. In 1492, the Pilgrims left England with
  Christopher Columbus because they wanted
  religious freedom.
• B. William Penn converted to the Quaker faith
  and his Pennsylvania Colony was founded on the
  principles of religious freedom and fairness with
  the American Indians.
• C. If and when slaves converted to Christianity,
  they were automatically freed by their owners.
• D. Asians were some of the earliest immigrants,
  and they brought tea with them, making tea an
  important drink in the colonies.

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Question of the Day

• When the colonists arrived in North America, they
  feared that if they organized a strong
  government, it would infringe upon their
  individual rights. Nonetheless, groups of
  colonists organized plans for self-government in
  their colonies, including representative
  assemblies in individual colonies. This shows
  that the colonists were determined to
• A. Place all power in the hands of one person
• B. Organize a strong central government.
• C. Maintain a system of law and order.
• D. Allow anarchy to develop.

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Question of the Day

• A system of benign neglect developed between
  England and its North American colonies during
  the second half of the 17th century and the first
  part of the 18th century. Which of the following
  describes this relationship?
• A. England did not interfere much in the affairs
  of the colonists due to the distance between the
  mother country and its colonies.
• B. England wanted a heavy hand in governing the
  colonies because it sought to utilize the
  available resources.
• C. Self-reliance was forced on the colonies
  because England was angry at their quest for
  independence.
• D. The colonists were not used to
  self-governance and sought increased direction
  from Parliament.

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Question of the Day

• Slavery was different in various sections of the
  United States. Which one of the following is
  correct?
• A. In the South, where vegetation prospered,
  slaves enjoyed shade and comfortable working
  conditions.
• B. In the North, slaves worked in hot steel
  mills or coal mines under harsh conditions.
• C. In the West, slaves were forced to fight
  American Indians so that plantation owners could
  take over Indian land.
• D. In the South, many slaves looked for escape
  routes that led to the North or Canada.

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Main Idea 4The French and Indian War gave
England control of more land in North America.

• Some Native Americans allied with the colonists
  in King Philips War.
• The French traded and allied with the Algonquian
  and Huron.
• The English allied with the Iroquois League.

Native American Allies

• France and Britain struggled for control of North
  America in the late 1600s.
• The French and Indian War started in 1754.
• The turning point came when the British captured
  Quebec in 1759.

War Erupts
Treaty of Paris, 1763

• It gave Canada to Britain. Britain received lands
  east of the Mississippi River. Spain received
  lands west of the Mississippi River.

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Question of the Day

• Which of the following describes true
  characteristics of American settlements in the
  18th and 19th centuries?
• A. Due to a lack of snow and cold weather, the
  South was ideal for manufacturers that needed to
  ship their products.
• B. The West offered new settlers and immigrants
  many conveniences and opportunities because of
  the wide-open spaces and the ease of living.
• C. The Gold Rush proved to be very profitable
  for everyone who went prospecting.
• D. Settlers cut down trees to build homes and to
  farm the new land this practice often resulted
  in over-cutting of trees and in poor farming
  practices.

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The Western Frontier

• Most colonial settlements had been made along the
  Atlantic coast.
• Colonial settlers, or pioneers, began to move
  west after the war.
• Indians led by Chief Pontiac rebelled against new
  British settlements in 1763.
• To avoid conflict, King George III issued the
  Proclamation of 1763, which banned settlement
  west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Conflict in the Colonies

• The Big Idea
• Tensions developed as the British government
  placed tax after tax on the colonies.
• Main Ideas
• British efforts to raise taxes on colonists
  sparked protest.
• The Boston Massacre caused colonial resentment
  toward Great Britain.
• Colonists protested the British tax on tea with
  the Boston Tea Party.
• Great Britain responded to colonial actions by
  passing the Intolerable Acts.

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Election Results

• Barack Obama and Joe Biden 252
• John McCain and Sarah Palin 330
• Casino Yes 261
• Casino No 320
• Memory Book Cover
• A 27
• B 47
• C 18
• D 48
• E 54
• F 183
• G 46
• H 11
• I 15
• J 78

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Leading to the Revolution

• In 1763, the colonists living in the thirteen
  English colonies, were not only content, but
  proud to a part of the most powerful empire in
  the world.
• The American colonists enjoyed more rights than
  any other people on earthtrial by jury,
  representative governments which taxed them. The
  colonists controlled their every-day-life.
• England controlled the empire, conflicts with
  other nations and trade.
• Yet, within a dozen years, armed conflict would
  break out between England and her American
  colonies.
• Why?

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Question of the Day

• Why is the Magna Carta important to American
  government?
• A. It freed the colonists from British control
  and gave the colonies the freedom to establish
  their own government.
• B. It lists the grievances held by the colonists
  against their mother country of Great Britain.
• C. It was Americas first constitution and
  became the foundation for the countrys modern
  system of government.
• D. It contains ideas such as the right to a
  speedy trial and the right to due process of law,
  both of which are rights granted under the Bill
  of Rights.

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The American Revolution
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Mercantilism

• One of the main reasons England founded the
  colonies was to make money from trade. (p. 92-93)
• European nations practiced mercantilism, a system
  of creating and maintaining wealth through
  controlling trade.
• A country was wealthy by having fewer imports
  than exports.

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Mercantilism

• A favorable balance of trade was having more
  exports than imports. In other words, more money
  was coming into England than leaving England.
• Under mercantilism, colonies existed in order to
  make the mother country, in this case England,
  wealthy.

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English Trade Policies

• 1. Name one of two reasons England wanted to
  have colonies.
• 2. How did England believe that the colonies
  benefited from mercantilism?
• 3. Give a reason the colonists disliked the
  Navigation Acts.
• 4. What was a product the colonists got from the
  West Indies? (p. 92)
• 5. Which region of the colonies provided few raw
  materials to England and so was competition for
  English industries?

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Proclamation of 1763
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Main Idea 1British efforts to raise taxes on
colonists sparked protest.

• Great Britain had to pay for the French and
  Indian War and for keeping troops in North
  America to protect the colonists.
• Parliament passed the Sugar Act in 1764 to tax
  colonists to make them help pay costs.
• Parliaments actions upset many colonists.
• Colonists believed there should be no taxes
  without representation in Parliament.
• Samuel Adams, a colonial leader, set up the
  Committees of Correspondence to protest.

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Question of the Day

• In 1689, the British crown agreed to the English
  Bill of Rights, a series of laws further
  increasing the power of Parliament over the king.
  The king could no longer raise taxes or maintain
  an army without the consent of Parliament. This
  document also guaranteed the right to a jury
  trial, prohibited cruel or unusual punishment,
  and limited bail. The rights that were in the
  English Bill of Rights in 1689 were later
  incorporated into the
• A. U.S. Bill of Rights.
• B. U.S. Declaration of Independence.
• C. Magna Carta.
• D. Anti-Federalist Papers.

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The Sugar Act

• Parliament needed money to pay for the French and
  Indian War
• 1764, the Sugar Act was passed by Parliament
• It was a tax on imported sugar and molasses
• Greater efforts would be made to stop smuggling

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The Sugar Act
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The Sugar Act

• The Sugar Act also took some power from the
  colonial court system
• Vice-Admiralty Courts were set up to try cases of
  suspected smugglers

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Vice Admiralty Courts

• No juries
• Guilty until proven innocent

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Colonial Reaction

• Committees of Correspondence
• Taxation without representation
• James Otis and Sam Adams (p. 99)

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The Stamp Act

• Sugar Act did not raise enough money
• Needed money to pay off the military debt
• Planned to send an army of 10,000 to North
  America
• Stamp Act was already used in Great Britain

60
The Stamp Act

• Easy to collect
• Bring in large amounts of money
• Taxing colonists and not people in Great Britain

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The Stamp Act

• March, 1765 Stamp Act was passed
• Examples of the uses of stamps
• on all legal papers such as wills, and house
  sales
• Ship owners needed them on lists of goods and
  owners of inns needed them on their license
• Printers had to have them on calendars, notices,
  newspapers and all printed matter
• Dice and playing cards also had to have them

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Taxing the Colonies

• Reaction to the
• Stamp Act
• Immediate protests
• Committees of Correspondence invited all colonies
  to a meeting to discuss the Stamp Act
• Stamp Act Congress of 1765 declared the tax a
  violation of colonial rights.
• Sons of Liberty sometimes used violence to
  enforce a boycott and to frighten tax collectors.

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(No Transcript)
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The Declaratory Act

• With London merchants losing money due to the
  boycott of British goods, Parliament repealed the
  Stamp Act.
• However, to remind the colonists of who was in
  control, the Declaratory Act was passed at the
  same time. The Declaratory Act declared that
  Parliament could tax the colonists if they chose
  to do so.

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The Quartering Act
66
Question of the Day

• Which statement is true?
• A. Although the British had been at war with
  either France or Spain throughout the middle part
  of the 1700s, their successful battles rewarded
  Britain with large amounts of money and wealth.
• B. The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed taxes on almost
  everything made of paper, and American colonists
  had to have a stamp receipt proving the tax was
  paid.
• C. The Boston Massacre of 1770 was caused by
  British soldiers dressing up as Indians and
  throwing tea into Boston Harbor. The colonists
  loved tea and were so angry that they attacked
  British soldiers.
• D. The Intolerable Acts of 1774, written by the
  colonists, restricted anyone from housing or
  feeding British soldiers until the British
  replenished the tea that was dumped into Boston
  Harbor at the Boston Tea Party.

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Townshend Acts

• Townshend Acts of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea
• Writs of assistance used to enforce.
• Colonists boycotted British goods.
• Sons of Liberty attacked customs houses.
• British troops sent in 1768.

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Main Idea 2 The Boston Massacre caused colonial
resentment toward Great Britain.

• A crowd gathered in Boston after a British
  soldier struck a colonist on March 5, 1770.
• Soldiers fired into the crowd, killing three,
  including Crispus Attucks. Two others were
  mortally wounded.
• The shootings were called the Boston Massacre by
  colonists.
• This caused more resentment against the British.
• Paul Revere engraved a picture showing the
  events. (propaganda)

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70
Committees of Correspondence
71
Research Assignment Due Dates

• Topic Selection 11/11
• Focus Questions 11/13
• Working Bibliography 11/18
• Outline 11/21
• Rough Draft 11/25
• Final Copy 12/5

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Main Idea 3 Colonists protested the British tax
on tea with the Boston Tea Party.

• Colonial merchants smuggled tea to avoid paying
  the British tea tax.
• Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773 to allow
  the British East India Company to sell cheap tea
  to the colonists.
• Colonial merchants and smugglers were opposed to
  this.
• On December 16, 1773, colonists disguised as
  Indians attacked British tea ships and threw the
  tea overboard.
• The incident was called the Boston Tea Party.

73
Question of the Day

• Which of the following did NOT contribute to the
  Revolutionary War?
• A. The Quartering Act
• B. The Stamp Act
• C. The Alien and Sedition Acts
• D. The Townshend Acts

74
Tea Act

• As a result of the Boston Massacre, the English
  Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts on glass,
  lead, paper and paint.
• The tax on tea was left to remind the colonists
  of who was in charge.
• The colonists ended the boycott of British goods,
  EXCEPT for tea.

75
The Tea Act

• The colonists smuggled tea to avoid paying the
  tax.
• The British East India Company had a huge surplus
  of tea.
• The company suggested that they be allowed to
  sell tea directly to the colonists, instead of to
  colonial merchants.

76
The Tea Act

• By selling to the colonists, the middleman
  (colonial merchant) would be cut out.
• This would make the tea cheaper, even with the
  tax.
• This might end the smuggling and so more taxes
  would be collected.
• Parliament agreed and in 1773, the Tea Act was
  passed.

77
The Tea Act

• Colonial reaction?
• They were angry that merchants would be driven
  out of business.
• The tax was still going to be collected.
• They were insulted that the British thought that
  it was the price which concerned them.

78
The Boston Tea Party

• Ships filled with tea were sent to the colonies.
• When the ships arrived in places such as
  Philadelphia and New York, colonial leaders met
  with the royal governors and suggested that the
  tea be returned, without being unloaded.
• When the tea arrived in Boston, the colonial
  governor refused to send the tea back.

79
The Boston Tea Party

• The tea ships arrived in November, 1773.
• The Sons of Liberty would not allow the tea to be
  unloaded.
• The governor would not send the tea back.
• The tea ships sat in the harbor for three weeks.

80
The Boston Tea Party

• After three weeks, the tea would be unloaded and
  sold at auction.
• Before that could happen, the Sons of Liberty
  went into action.
• Colonial leaders met with the governor one last
  time.
• When he refused to return the tea, they put their
  plan into action.

81
The Boston Tea Party

• They were dressed as Indians (a disguise).
• They went out to the harbor and asked the captain
  for the keys.
• They went aboard the ships, dumped the tea into
  the harbor.
• Before they left, they cleaned up any loose tea.
• Nothing else was damaged.

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• This was the Boston Tea Party!

83
Question of the Day

• Which of the following was NOT a cause of the
  United States War of Independence?
• A. Slavery
• B. Taxation by the British
• C. Lack of representation in Parliament
• D. Trade restrictions.

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The Intolerable Acts

• When the British found out about the Boston Tea
  Party they were furious.
• Thousands of pounds (dollars) of tea had been
  destroyed.
• Lord North decided to make Boston an example for
  the rest of the colonies.

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The Intolerable Acts
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Rights of the Colonists

• Rights of Englishmen greater than anyone else
  included
  right to own property, trial by jury,
  peaceful assembly, petitions, representative
  government
• Colonies had self-government, elected
  representatives who made the laws, controlled the
  militia and taxed the colonists
• Parliament had the right to control foreign
  affairs, war and trade, in other words, what had
  an impact over the entire empire

87
Question of the Day

• The Second Continental Congress was faced with
  several tasks. In 1777, delegates devised a
  national government it consisted of a loose
  organization of the 13 states and was known as
  the
• A. Mayflower Compact
• B. Declaration of Independence
• C. Articles of Confederation
• D. Constitution

88
Main Idea 4 Great Britain responded to colonial
actions by passing the Intolerable Acts.
The acts had several effects
1.
Boston Harbor was closed.
2.
Massachusetts's charter was canceled.
Royal officials accused of crimes would be sent
to Great Britain for trial.
3.
General Thomas Gage was made the new governor of
Massachusetts.
4.
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