Andragogy

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Andragogy

• CAE 213
• Introduction to Adult Education

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Discussion 1

• From your experiencethink of a situation
• that clearly illustrates pedagogy
• and one that illustrates andragogy

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Andragogy

• Two streams of inquiry
• Scientific stream rigorous and experimental
  investigation Edward L. Thorndike 1928
  Adult Learning
• Intuitive stream analysis of experience
  Eduard C. Lindeman 1926 The Meaning of
  Adult Education

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Andragogy

• Lindemans insights
• Curriculum is built around student need
• Learner experiences is a highly valued resource.
• Adult education is a cooperative venture in
  non-authoritarian, informal learning.

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Andragogy

• Lindemans Assumptions about Adult Learning
• Adults are motivated to learn as they experience
  needs and interests that learning will satisfy.
• Adult orientation to learning is life centered.
• Experience is the richest resource of adult
  learning.
• Adults have a deep need to be self-directing. The
  role of the teacher is to engage in the process
  of mental inquiry.
• Individual differences among people increase with
  age.

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Discussion 2

• What are you thoughts after reflecting on
  Lindemans five key assumptions about adult
  learners
• Adults - motivated to learn as they experience
  needs.
• Adult orientation - is life centered.
• Experience - the richest resource of adult
  learning.
• Adults - deep need to be self-directing.
• Individual differences - increase with age.

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Andragogy

• The Journal of Adult Education and other
  publications of the American Association for
  Adult Education produced growing insights from
  practitioners concerning adult education.
• The concepts of lifelong learning, democratic
  participatory education, and critical thought all
  became key values in the practice of adult
  education.

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Discussion 3

• Based on your reading in this course and others,
  how has clinical psychology contributed to
  andragogy (education)?
• Freud
• Erickson

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Andragogy

• Key psychological concepts guided adult educators
  in understanding learners
• Freud learners are complex and may not be aware
  that their subconscious influences their
  interests and behavior
• Jung learning is holistic involving all parts
  of the conscious mind including sensation,
  thought, emotion, intuition

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Andragogy

• Erickson developmental framework identified key
  issues such as trust/distrust, autonomy/shame,
  initiative/guilt, industry/inferiority,
  identity/role confusion, intimacy/isolation,
  generativity/stagnation, integrity/dispair.

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Andragogy

• Carl Rogers conceptualized a student-centered
  approach to education
• We cannot teach directly, we facilitate learning
• Significant learning is related to self
  development
• Experience which reorganizes self is resisted
• Perceived threat to self increases resistance
• Effective education reduces perceived threat to
  self to a minimum

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Andragogy

• Rogers and Maslow emphasized
• the importance of safety in learning
• that learning was a process not a product

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Andragogy

• In the 1950s, practitioners felt a central goal
  was needed to unify the discipline
• The Ford Foundation funded meetings to identify a
  central unifying goal
• Practitioners were divided between two goals the
  improvement of individuals and the improvement of
  society.

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Finding a common core

• work force training
• agricultural
  high school
• extension A
  equivalency
• ESL
  YMCA
• business night school

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Andragogy

• Adult Education did not unify around a central
  goal in the 1950s
• Divergent themes from key practitioners continue
  to influence Adult Education
• A unifying goal has not emerged
• A unifying central theory of adult learning has
  emerged even if there is not full agreement in
  calling it Andragogy

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Andragogy

• Key concepts in adult learning (p. 4)
• The need to know
• The learners self-concept
• The role of experience
• Readiness to learn
• Orientation to learning
• Motivation

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Discussion 4

• How has adult education contributed to
  andragogy?
• How does the andragogical model fit with your own
  learning style?