Aftermath of WW2

1
Aftermath of WW2

• Roots of the Cold War

2
Post-WW2 Realities

• Devastation
• Europe, Japan, China, USSR destroyed
• Refugees, orphans, homeless, hunger, sick
• Holocaust
• Nazi inhumanity gtgt Nuremberg Trials
• Crimes Against Humanity War Crimes
• Occupation
• USSR occupies Eastern part of Europe
• US occupies Japan
• US-GB-F occupy Western Germany Austria

3
Occupation Zones
4
United Nations (UN)

• 4/45 created in SF gtgt NYC
• UN Charter sets up
• Purpose
• Maintain peace collective security
• Promote co-operation
• Protect human rights
• Provide global assistance

5
USA-USSR Breakup Why?

• US USSR emerge as superpowers
• US A-bomb 45 gtgt USSR A-bomb 49
• Different experiences Mistrust
• US unharmed late counterattack in West
• USSR destroyed high death rate no
• Different goals
• US Promote democracy, Free trade
• Strong Germany as ally
• USSR Promote communism, buffer zone, status
• Weak Germany, neutral

6
1940s Tensions gtgt Responses

• USSR gt initiates communist revolt in
  Greece/Turkey
• USSR remains in Eastern Europe with no Free
  Elections as promised, strips G of resources
• Berlin Blockade 48, cuts off Berlin
• NATO formed 49

• Truman Doctrine US to contain communism gt G/T
  aid
• W. Germany created
• Marshall Plan US aid to rebuild Europe, US biz
  ??
• Berlin Airlift 48-49 Operation Vittles
• Warsaw Pact 55

7
Berlin Blockade gtgt Berlin Airlift
8
NATO 49 vs. Warsaw Pact 55
9
The Result?

• Cold War
• High tension between US USSR 1945 - 1992
• Global alignment division
• Blocs Economic Political alliances
• Non-Aligned nations India
• No direct US USSR war but
• Indirect War thru proxy
• China, Korea, Vietnam, Middle East, Africa,
  Central America
• Indirect War thru propaganda
• Film, Books, TV, Radio, Sports (Olympics)
• Indirect War thru espionage
• CIA vs. KGB, intelligence gathering

10
A World Divided in Late 20th C.
China turns Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong