Nuclear Weapons

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Nuclear Weapons

• Created By Kloé Darnell, Becca Rush, Jessica
  Gates, Jared Beale, Tyler Valentine

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Introduction to Nuclear Weapons

• Nuclear Weapon A weapon of destructive power
  comes from nuclear energy an atomic bomb or a
  hydrogen bomb
• Facts
• The first nuclear weapon was used in the early
  1900s
• A neutron must pass through core of nuclear
  weapon, in order to explode
• 1951-present records 67,500 nuclear missiles
  have been assembled
• A small quantity of radiation is beneficial to
  health
• 35,100,000,000 has been spent on nuclear
  weapons education related programs

KLOE DARNELL
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What is the difference between a hydrogen and
atomic bomb?

• Hydrogen bomb a bomb whose explosion is due to
  the release of atomic energy from fusion of
  hydrogen atoms at high temperature and pressure
  to form helium nuclei
• Atomic bomb a bomb whose explosion is due to the
  release of energy resulting from splitting of
  nuclei of a chemical element by neutrons in a
  rapid chain reaction

KLOE DARNELL
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Which countries have a nuclear arsenal?
      
      
Thermonuclear state Britain China France Russia Un
ited States
Atomic State India North Korea Pakistan
Suspected Atomic State Israel
Suspected Weapons Program Algeria Brazil
Egypt Iran South Korea Syria
Ended Weapons Research Argentina Australia Romania
Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Yugoslavia
Program Dismantled Iraq Libya
Disarmed Belarus Canada Kazakhstan South
Africa Ukraine Uzbekistan
KLOE DARNELL
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Relationship between Countries

• The relationship between these states, have never
  been the same since the Cold War. Whether the
  countries use nuclear weapons as defense or
  power, they are on edge and in deal of secretive
  alliance. Treaties like the Nuclear
  Non-proliferation Treaty, is signed to ensure
  refraining from imports or exports of nuclear
  weapons. These treaties help control the movement
  and determine the relationship of Countries,
  involved with nuclear weapons.

The commissions conclusion is simple and far
from any alarmist views and cut-and-dried
analyses what unites Europe and the United
States is far greater than what divides them.
KLOE DARNELL
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Elements of Atomic Bombs

• Pu- 239

• U- 235

JESSICA GATES
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Nuclear Fusion in the Sun

• Definition combining of two nuclei to create one
  nucleus

• Reactions occur in the core
• Intense pressure forces the fusion of hydrogen
  atoms
• The fusions form helium atoms

H
H
p

p


0
n
n
0
n
0


p
p
He
JESSICA GATES
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Nuclear Fusion in the Sun, cont.

• Large amount of energy from reaction produces
  light
• Different forms of light energy sustain sun

JESSICA GATES
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Development to Detonation of the first atomic
bombs

• 1938 German Scientists discovered how to split
  the Uranium atom creating nuclear energy
• August 1939 Szliard and Wigner had Einstein sign
  a letter to President Roosevelt regarding the
  possibility or creating an atomic bomb.
• October 9, 1941 Roosevelt approved the research
  of a feasibility of a bomb
• December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbors
  Naval Base.
• June 1942 Roosevelt created the top secret
  Manhattan Project. General Groves appointed
  Robert Oppenhiemer to be in charge of designing
  the atomic bombs.
• April 1943 Los Alamos was opened. The staff
  created two bombs, one with Uranium and one with
  Plutonium

BECCA RUSH
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Fat Man and Little Boy Worlds First Atomic Bombs

• The "Fat Man" type, which was dropped on
  Nagasaki, was more complex. It contained a sphere
  of the metal plutonium 239, around which were
  arrayed blocks of high explosives.

• The "Little Boy" type, which was dropped on
  Hiroshima, triggered a nuclear explosion by
  firing one piece of uranium 235 into another.

BECCA RUSH
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• July 15, 1945 the explosion of the first atomic
  bomb took place at Trinity Site
• August 6, 1945 US dropped the atomic bomb
  (Little Man) on Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 the explosion of the second atomic
  bomb devastated the city of Nagasaki

BECCA RUSH
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Hypothetical aftermath of a nuclear war

• Water and land would be contaminated and
  destroyed
• All animals would die, or be uneatable
• Cause extreme and unusual weather phenomenon
• World politics would be in utter chaos

http//gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/215
24/sec14610_700k.asf
BECCA RUSH
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Radiation effects on humans

• Cancer
• Leukemia
• Mutations
• Birth defects
• Severe burns

BECCA RUSH
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Introduction

• The two most deadly bombs dropped on Japan during
  WW2 were atomic bombs.
• They got their new ,massive, power from the
  nuclear fission (splitting) of atoms Uranium-235
  and Plutonium-239

Tyler Valentine
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From Dream to Reality

• There are 2 ways to create and detonate a
  supercritical mass in an atomic bomb
• These 2 ways are the Gun Method and the Implosion
  Method

Tyler Valentine
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Gun Method

• Technique used to detonate Fat Man and Little
  Boy in WW2
• This is a more complex way consisting of a
  detonator at one end of a long narrow tube called
  the tamper and the Uranium at the other end of
  the tube
• The Detonator releases a conventional charge to
  travel through the tamper and collide with the
  Uranium 235 at the other end

Tyler Valentine
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Gun Bomb
Tyler Valentine
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Implosion Method

• The second and more modern way to detonate the
  bomb is the Implosion Method.
• Core is a sphere of Plutonium or Uranium and a
  tamper to stop fissile material from flying apart
  before the chain reaction is complete
• Outer Layer composed of high explosives covering
  the sphere

Tyler Valentine
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Implosion Bomb
Tyler Valentine
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Nuclear Fission

• The explosive force demonstrated by a nuclear
  bomb gets its feared power from the splitting of
  heavy nuclei or, nuclear fission.
• Uranium and Plutonium are the easiest to split
  because of their large size.
• Nuclear Fission occurs when a random neutron
  strikes any random Uranium or Plutonium atom.
• The Neutron breaks apart the Uranium atom into
  two different atoms, Barium and Krypton.
• Not only is the one random neutron that first
  strikes the uranium atom released but so is one
  other additional neutron.
• In addition to two neutrons being released so is
  a form of Radiation Energy

External Link to Nuclear fission model
Tyler Valentine
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Nuclear Fission cont.

• Once one of the uranium or plutonium atoms goes
  through nuclear fission the two reaming neutrons
  given off from the fission go and start two more
  reactions on two other random uranium or
  plutonium atoms, thus causing an uncontrollable
  chain reaction.
• Then you get what is behind this paragraph

Tyler Valentine
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Nuclear Fission
Tyler Valentine
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Radiation Energy

• The High level Energy released from nuclear
  fission that causes nuclear fallout is Radiation
  Energy.
• One of these Uranium atoms going through nuclear
  fission only gives off enough radiation energy to
  make a tiny grain of sand jump.
• However, the trillions of Uranium atoms put in
  the atomic bombs is what causes these mass
  explosions.

Tyler Valentine
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Summary

• Nuclear weapons are controversial, but vital in
  some circumstances. The dreadful effects
  outnumber the advantages of nuclear weapons.
  Nonetheless, the need for nuclear weapons helps
  us to survive and make a stance amongst other
  countries. There are pros and cons, what is your
  outlook on nuclear weapons?

KLOE DARNELL
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• the end

KLOE DARNELL