Catholic Essentials Chapter 5 The Sacraments of Christ

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Catholic Essentials
Chapter 5The Sacraments of Christ

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Sign, Symbol, Sacrament

• St. Thomas Aquinas taught that human development
  is marked by seven stages which parallel the
  seven sacraments.

• We are born Baptism
• We grow Confirmation
• We are fed Eucharist
• We are healed Penance
• We recover Anointing of the Sick
• We need and form family Matrimony
• We need and respond to leaders Holy Orders

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Signs and Symbols
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Three definitions of Sacrament

• St. Paul sacramentum mysterion Gods hidden
  plan to fulfill all things in Christ.
• St. Augustine stressed sign and symbol (something
  concrete that points to something else.)
• St. Thomas Aquinas added that sacraments are
  efficacious signs or symbols of grace. They
  effect, cause, and are what they signify.

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Sacraments ARE what they symbolize

• To be a sacrament, a sign or symbol must do the
  following
• Lead us to God
• Come from God
• Be an action of God
• The best example
• of a sacrament is
• Jesus Christ himself.

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The Primordial Sacrament

• Jesus is the starting point of all sacraments.
• Jesus is the perfect sign of Gods great love for
  us.
• The fundamental nature of a sacrament is revealed
  in Jesus.

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Liturgy (the Work of the People)

• The first and most important work of the Church
  is to make present Christs Paschal Mystery here
  and now. We do this in liturgy.
• All the sacraments are liturgy the work of the
  peoplenone are private affairs.
• Every sacrament is a community affair an
  affair of the Church.

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Jesus is really present in Eucharist

• Jesus is present in the priest, the minister of
  the sacrament.
• Jesus is present when the Holy Scriptures are
  read.
• Jesus is present in the community assembled
• Jesus is really present in the consecrated
  species of bread and wine.

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The Church as Sacrament

• The Church is a mystery.
• The Church is beloved of Christ.
• The Church is an efficacious symbol.

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Council of Florence

• Proper matter the prescribed materials.
• Correct words or form the prescribed words and
  gestures.
• Designated minister the prescribed minister.

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The Seven Sacraments

• The Sacraments of Initiation Baptism,
  Confirmation, Eucharist.
• The Sacraments of Healing Reconciliation
  (Penance), Anointing of the Sick.
• The Sacraments at the Service of Communion
  Matrimony, Holy Orders.

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Sacraments of Initiation

• Baptism brings new life in Christ.
• Confirmation strengthens our new life with the
  gifts of the Holy Spirit.
• Eucharist nourishes us with the Body and Blood
  of Christ.

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Baptism Rites

• Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) -
  A process for adults culminating in the
  celebration of all three sacraments of initiation
  at the Easter Vigil.
• Rite of Baptism of Children - People did not want
  their children to wait until adulthood to be
  re-born in Christs lifeinfant baptism became
  prevalent.

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Four Steps of RCIA

• Evangelization a person hears the word of God
  and responds to it. It is followed by a rite of
  acceptance
• Catechumenate over the course of a year,
  catechumens study the faith in special parish
  classes, are mentored by a sponsor, do service,
  and participate in the Liturgy of the Word at
  Mass. On the first Sunday of Lent, candidates are
  enrolled in the Book of the Elect by the bishop.
  

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Four Steps of RCIA

• Purification and Enlightenment During Lent,
  catechumens scrutinize their lives and do
  penance. They receive the Lords Prayer and the
  Creed on which to center their lives. At the end
  of this period they receive the three sacraments
  of initiation at the Easter Vigil Mass.
• Mystagogia The newly baptized neophytes
  continue to meet with one another after Easter
  until Pentecost, gradually taking their place in
  the Church.

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Cradle Catholics

• Most Catholics are initiated into the Church as
  infants through the Rite of Baptism of Children.
• The childs parents and godparents speak in the
  name of the child.
• Catechesis takes place after baptism.
• Formation is gradual as the child grows
• The other sacraments of initiation are received
  at a later time.

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The Essential Rite of Baptism

• Proper matter Water
• Correct words or form Triple pouring of or
  immersion in water with the words, I baptize you
  in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of
  the Holy Spirit.
• Designated minister bishop, priest, or deacon

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Effects of Baptism

• Washes away original sin and any other sins and
  the punishment due.
• Makes us children of God and temples of the Holy
  Spirit.
• Welcomes us as members of the Church, the Body of
  Christ.
• Marks us forever as sharers in the common
  priesthood of all believers, and in Christs
  mission of justice and peace.

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Celebration of the Sacrament of Baptism
Lighted Candle
Anointing with Oil
White Garment
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Requirements for Reception of the Sacrament of
Confirmation

• Be prepared to profess the faith.
• Be in the state of grace.
• Intend to receive the sacrament.
• Be prepared to witness to Jesus Christ.

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The Essential Rite of Confirmation

• Proper matter Chrism
• Correct words or form Laying on of hands and
  anointing with chrism on the forehead with the
  words "(Name), be sealed with the gift of the
  Holy Spirit."
• Designated minister Bishop

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Development of the Eucharist

• Christ instituted the Eucharist during a
  Passover meal held at the Last Supper as a
  memorial of his Death and Resurrection.
• At the Council of Trent (1545 1563) the
  doctrine of transubstantiation was defined and
  the Roman Missal was published by Pope Pius V.

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The Essential Rite of Eucharist

• Proper matter unleavened bread and wine
• Correct words or form Changing bread and wine
  into the Body and Blood of Christ by the words
  "Take this, all of you, and eat it this is my
  body which will be given up for you . . . Take
  this, all of you, and drink from it this is the
  cup of my blood of the new and everlasting
  covenant. It will be shed for you and for all so
  that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of
  me.
• Designated minister Bishop or priest

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Parts of the Eucharistic Liturgy

• Introductory Rites
• Sign of the Cross
• Penitential Rite
• Gloria
• Opening Prayer
• Liturgy of the Word
• First Reading
• Psalm Response
• Second Reading
• Gospel
• Homily
• Creed
• General Intercessions

• Liturgy of the Eucharist
• Preparation of the Altar
• Presentation of the Gifts
• Eucharistic Prayer
• Great Amen
• Communion Rite
• Our Father
• Lamb of God
• Reception of Holy Communion
• Prayer after Communion
• Concluding Rite

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Sacraments of Healing
Anointing of the Sick
Penance / Reconciliation

• Our new life in Christ can be weakened by
  suffering, illness, death, and the effects of
  sin.

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Penance Reconciliation - Confession

• Penance renews, restores, and strengthens our
  relationship with God and the community after it
  has been damaged by sin.
• Penance shows that Gods love is without limits

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Healing and Forgiveness
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Essential Elements of Penance

• The acts of the person who undergoes conversion
• Contrition
• Confession
• Satisfaction
• The intervention of the Church
• Absolution from the priest
• All Catholics are required to go to confession at
  least once per year to confess serious sins

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God Alone Forgives Sin

• Christian life is marked by lifelong conversion
• Even though forgiveness is expressed through the
  Church and this Sacrament, God alone forgives sin

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Anointing of the Sick

• The sacrament encourages those who are sick to
  overcome the alienation caused by illness
• Jesus continues to bring healing through the
  prayers of the Church, and through the
  sacraments, especially the Eucharist and the
  Anointing of the Sick

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History of Anointing of the Sick

• In the Middle Ages the sacrament was administered
  only to the dying and was called Extreme Unction
  the Last Anointing.
• Viaticum is the final reception of the
  Eucharist.
• Since Vatican II, this sacrament is celebrated
  for those suffering from serious illness, for the
  elderly, for those facing major surgery -- and
  for the dying.

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Essential Elements of
Anointing of the Sick

• The priest or bishop
• lays his hands on the sick person
• prays for the person in the faith of the Church
• anoints the forehead and hands of the sick person
  with oil previously blessed by a bishop

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Sacraments at the Service of Communion

• These sacraments are directed toward the
  salvation of others, not toward those receiving
  the sacraments.

Matrimony
Holy Orders
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Holy Orders

• The ministerial priesthood
• Sacramental ordination consecrates certain
  baptized men to one of three degrees of a sacred
  order
• Episcopate bishops
• Presbyterate priests
• Diaconate deacons

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Essential Rite of Holy Orders

• A call by God to serve the Church in a very
  special way.
• Essential rite includes the laying on of hands
  by the bishop accompanied by a special prayer of
  consecration.
• An indelible spiritual character is conferred on
  the ordained man.

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Matrimony

• Marriage is a sacred covenant --that is an
  agreement between the husband and wife, and
  between the couple and God.

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Matrimony

• From the time of creation, marriage has been an
  institution established by God, not by man.
• Sacramental marriage was modeled on the
  relationship between Christ and the Church
• The goodness of Marriage includes
• The procreation of children.
• The chastity of the spouses and their fidelity to
  each other.
• The indissoluble union of marriage.

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The Essential Rite of Matrimony

• The essential element of Matrimony is the mutual
  consent to marry.
• The words of consent must be freely given.
• Catholics must marry in the presence of a priest
  or a deacon, and in the presence of two
  witnesses.
• The spouses themselves are the ministers of the
  sacrament.

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Matrimony

• The family is called the domestic Church. The
  family is a living witness and testimony of
  eternal, unbreakable, and boundless love that the
  couple (and their children) give to one another
  and to the world.

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The Seven Sacraments

• The sacraments celebrate Jesus as the Way, the
  Truth, and the Life.
• The sacraments are a way for us to live life to
  the fullest.
• The sacraments are the way to allow Jesus to
  touch our lives.
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