Sacraments of Christ

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Sacraments of Christ

• Chapter 5

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Sign, Symbol, Sacrament

• Why 7 Sacraments
• Thomas Aquinas like human development
• Born-Baptism
• Grow-Confirmation
• Are fed Eucharist
• Healed- Penance
• Recover or die- Anointing
• Family Matrimony
• Need leaders Holy Orders

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Signs and Symbols
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• St. Paul sacrament is a mystery Gods hidden
  plan of wanting to save renew, unite in Christ
• St. Augustine- sign symbol something concrete
  that points to something else
• Flag, stop sign
• Sign of sacred reality
• Holy sign symbol which believers perceive and
  receive an invisible grace (Baptism-rebirth)
• Efficacious symbol Thomas Aquinas they ARE
  what they point to Eucharist not only points to
  Christ it IS Christ

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Sacraments ARE what they symbolize

• To be a sacrament, a sign or symbol must do the
  following
• Lead us to God
• Come from God
• Be an action of God
• The best example
• of a sacrament is
• Jesus Christ himself.

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Sacramental Nature of Christ and the Church

• Signs
• Not all signs are sacraments must lead us to
  God but also must come from God
• Jesus
• original sign prime sacrament
• Not only a sign but is God - efficacious

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The Primordial Sacrament

• Jesus is the starting point of all sacraments.
• Jesus is the perfect sign of Gods great love for
  us.
• The fundamental nature of a sacrament is revealed
  in Jesus.

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• Jesus as Sacrament
• God in flesh
• Really happened at definite time location
• Paschal Mystery
• For all generations
• Able to destroy death bring about salvation
• Present for every generation since
• Made known to us in LITURGY work of the people-
  work of the Trinity
• Father- Creator
• Son- redeemer
• Holy Spirit- teacher guide

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• Real Presence of Christ
• Present in Priest
• Commissioned- Holy Orders
• Baptizes, hears confession, etc
• Christ is the true minister
• Priest- representative who stands in for others
  ex. babysitter, substitute teacher- in persona
  Christi
• Present when Scripture is read- word of God
  inspired by the Holy Spirit
• Present in community pray and sing together
• Present in Eucharist transubstantiation
  earthly liturgy is a foretaste of heavenly
  liturgy saints and angels together

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• Church as Sacrament
• Sign of unity of God and each other
• All races and cultures- catholic
• No longer physically present Church is Christs
  instrument
• 7 sacraments
• Mystery
• Eastern Churches sacraments called mysteries
• Visible sign of invisible grace
• Not just a symbol like peace sign efficacious
  symbol

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• 7 Sacraments instituted by Christ
• First Christians baptized
• Healed the sick
• Breaking of the bread
• 1st 2 centuries no one term to describe
  sacraments- just practiced what Christ had done
• 3 groups
• Christian Initiation Baptism, Confirmation,
  Eucharist
• Healing- Penance, Anointing of the Sick
• Service- Holy Orders, Matrimony
• Council of Florence (1439)

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Council of Florence

• Proper matter the prescribed materials.
• Correct words or form the prescribed words and
  gestures.
• Designated minister the prescribed minister.

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Sacraments of Initiation

• Baptism brings new life in Christ.
• Confirmation strengthens our new life with the
  gifts of the Holy Spirit.
• Eucharist nourishes us with the Body and Blood
  of Christ.

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Sacraments of Initiation

• Introduction
• The New Way
• Thought at first to be an extension of Judaism
• Then Gentiles- exceptions made
• Catechumenate- 3 year process
• Sponsored by baptized Christian
• Studied, prayed, fasted
• Initiation
• Hearing and acceptance of Good News
• Profession of faith
• Easter Vigil- Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist

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• Process changed
• Original sin
• High infant mortality
• Children had been baptized from early times
• Vatican II restored catechumenate

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Four Steps of RCIA

• Evangelization a person hears the word of God
  and responds to it. It is followed by a rite of
  acceptance
• Catechumenate over the course of a year,
  catechumens study the faith in special parish
  classes, are mentored by a sponsor, do service,
  and participate in the Liturgy of the Word at
  Mass. On the first Sunday of Lent, candidates are
  enrolled in the Book of the Elect by the bishop.
  

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Four Steps of RCIA

• Purification and Enlightenment During Lent,
  catechumens scrutinize their lives and do
  penance. They receive the Lords Prayer and the
  Creed on which to center their lives. At the end
  of this period they receive the three sacraments
  of initiation at the Easter Vigil Mass.
• Mystagogia The newly baptized neophytes
  continue to meet with one another after Easter
  until Pentecost, gradually taking their place in
  the Church.

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• Baptism
• Immersion or triple pouring of water
• I baptize you in the name of the
• Priest, Bishop, Deacon- normal minister
• Become part of Christs body the Church
• Anointed with sacred chrism oil consecrated by
  the Bishop on Holy Thursday
• 2nd anointing by Bishop at Confirmation
• White garment- put on Christ risen with Christ
• Can be at Mass
• Brought forth at Our Father links to Eucharist
• Adults at Easter Vigil

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The Essential Rite of Baptism

• Proper matter Water
• Correct words or form Triple pouring of or
  immersion in water with the words, I baptize you
  in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of
  the Holy Spirit.
• Designated minister bishop, priest, or deacon

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Effects of Baptism

• Washes away original sin and any other sins and
  the punishment due.
• Makes us children of God and temples of the Holy
  Spirit.
• Welcomes us as members of the Church, the Body of
  Christ.
• Marks us forever as sharers in the common
  priesthood of all believers, and in Christs
  mission of justice and peace.

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Celebration of the Sacrament of Baptism
Lighted Candle
Anointing with Oil
White Garment
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• Confirmation
• Bishop lays hand on forehead
• Anoints with chrism
• Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit
• Since the time of the Apostles- laying on of
  hands
• Gift of the Holy Spirit
• Completes Baptism
• Origin of Confirmation
• In the early Church chrism was added
• Eastern Churches-Chrismation- after Baptism

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• Originally all 3 at one time
• Time of Confirmation adolescence ?
• Candidate prepared
• State of grace
• Given only once indelible character
• Effects
• Roots us more deeply in Christs love
• Unites us with firmly with Christ and strengthens
  our bond with His Church
• Increases gifts of the Holy Spirit
• Usually administered at Mass connect to the
  Eucharist
• Renew Baptismal promises

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Requirements for Reception of the Sacrament of
Confirmation

• Be prepared to profess the faith.
• Be in the state of grace.
• Intend to receive the sacrament.
• Be prepared to witness to Jesus Christ.

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The Essential Rite of Confirmation

• Proper matter Chrism
• Correct words or form Laying on of hands and
  anointing with chrism on the forehead with the
  words "(Name), be sealed with the gift of the
  Holy Spirit."
• Designated minister Bishop

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• Holy Eucharist
• Vatican II source and summit of Christian
  life
• United with heavenly liturgy
• Pius X encouraged weekly reception moved age
  from 12 to age of reason
• Development
• Began at Passover meal- Last Supper
• 1st century gathered in homes preaching,
  prayer, breaking of the bread

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Development of the Eucharist

• Christ instituted the Eucharist during a
  Passover meal held at the Last Supper as a
  memorial of his Death and Resurrection.
• At the Council of Trent (1545 1563) the
  doctrine of transubstantiation was defined and
  the Roman Missal was published by Pope Pius V.

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• Road to Emmaus
• 155- outline
• Liturgy of word
• Sermon
• Prayer of the faithful
• Sign of peace
• Communion offering
• Consecration
• Anointing Amen
• Many of the prayers we still use today
• Apostolic Tradition (315) outlined prayers and
  order of worship even closer to ours today
• 4th century preface and Sanctus added
• Charlemagne tried to unify prayers differed
  from region to region
• Council of Trent (1545-1563) transubstantiation
  defined

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• Pius V established Roman Missal used until
  Vatican II
• Vatican II emphasize Lords Supper
• Community
• Call to penance and forgiveness
• Scripture proclaimed by people
• Reception under both species
• Command to go forth
• Translation revised by Benedict XVI
• 2 main parts Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of
  the Eucharist
• Liturgy of the Word
• Introductory rites- gather, sign of the cross,
  ask for forgiveness, Gloria, opening prayer

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• Liturgy of the Word readings
• Liturgy of the Eucharist
• Preparation of altar
• Donation gift
• Eucharistic Prayer several
• Thanksgiving to Father
• Holy Spirit called down on gifts
• Words of consecration
• Offering of sacrifice
• Intercessions-Pope, clergy, living, dead
• Amen I agree
• Our Father
• Sign of peace
• Lamb of God- need for Gods mercy
• Breaking of bread and reception of Communion
• Conclusion blessing and go forth

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Parts of the Eucharistic Liturgy

• Introductory Rites
• Sign of the Cross
• Penitential Rite
• Gloria
• Opening Prayer
• Liturgy of the Word
• First Reading
• Psalm Response
• Second Reading
• Gospel
• Homily
• Creed
• General Intercessions

• Liturgy of the Eucharist
• Preparation of the Altar
• Presentation of the Gifts
• Eucharistic Prayer
• Great Amen
• Communion Rite
• Our Father
• Lamb of God
• Reception of Holy Communion
• Prayer after Communion
• Concluding Rite

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The Essential Rite of Eucharist

• Proper matter unleavened bread and wine
• Correct words or form Changing bread and wine
  into the Body and Blood of Christ by the words
  "Take this, all of you, and eat it this is my
  body which will be given up for you . . . Take
  this, all of you, and drink from it this is the
  cup of my blood of the new and everlasting
  covenant. It will be shed for you and for all so
  that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of
  me.
• Designated minister Bishop or priest

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Sacraments of Healing
Anointing of the Sick
Penance / Reconciliation
Our new life in Christ can be weakened by
suffering, illness, death, and the effects of
sin.
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Sacraments of Healing

• Introduction
• Jesus physician- souls and bodies
• Paralytic- healed forgave sins

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Penance Reconciliation - Confession

• Penance renews, restores, and strengthens our
  relationship with God and the community after it
  has been damaged by sin.
• Penance shows that Gods love is without limits

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• Penance
• Sacrament of renewed faith- renews, restores,
  strengthens relationship with God community
  after damaged by sin
• Gods love without limits- sign of love
  personal forgiveness
• Known as Penance, Reconciliation, Confession
• Begins with Jesus- mission was to sinners
• Whatever you bind on earth .

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• Difference in practices not essentials
• 3rd-5th centuries
• Forgiveness of venial sin through Eucharist
  prayers works of mercy
• Mortal sin long, difficult time of penance
• Once in a lifetime
• Took place in public
• Often put off till near death
• 6th century- private confession counsel and
  offer forgiveness
• Thomas Aquinas 13th c
• Contrition sorrow wipes out sin
• Confession necessary for forgiveness of mortal
  sin penance and absolution
• Recent reforms face to face

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Essential Elements of Penance

• The acts of the person who undergoes conversion
• Contrition
• Confession
• Satisfaction
• The intervention of the Church
• Absolution from the priest
• All Catholics are required to go to confession at
  least once per year to confess serious sins

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God Alone Forgives Sin

• Christian life is marked by lifelong conversion
• Even though forgiveness is expressed through the
  Church and this Sacrament, God alone forgives sin

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Anointing of the Sick

• The sacrament encourages those who are sick to
  overcome the alienation caused by illness
• Jesus continues to bring healing through the
  prayers of the Church, and through the
  sacraments, especially the Eucharist and the
  Anointing of the Sick

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• Anointing of the sick
• Inevitable weakness and illness
• Rooted in the letter of James
• Middle Ages
• Only to the dying- Extreme Unction
• Penance and Viaticum (last communion)
• Vatican II for elderly, major surgery
• Spiritual effects
• Able to accept trials of illness
• Forgiveness of sins
• Grace
• Contribute to the holiness of the Church
• United to Passion of Christ

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• Possible restoration of health
• Supernatural strength for dying
• Minister- priest
• Celebration of the Sacrament
• Sometimes during Mass
• Laying on of hands
• Prayer for the person
• Anoint forehead and hands with Chrism
• Introductory rites and Scripture reading
• Blessing with holy water
• May hear confession

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Essential Elements of
Anointing of the Sick

• The priest or bishop
• lays his hands on the sick person
• prays for the person in the faith of the Church
• anoints the forehead and hands of the sick person
  with oil previously blessed by a bishop

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Sacraments at the Service of Communion

• These sacraments are directed toward the
  salvation of others, not toward those receiving
  the sacraments.

Matrimony
Holy Orders
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Sacraments of Service

• Holy Orders
• All share in office of priest
• Some with ministerial priesthood

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Holy Orders

• The ministerial priesthood
• Sacramental ordination consecrates certain
  baptized men to one of three degrees of a sacred
  order
• Episcopate bishops
• Presbyterate priests
• Diaconate deacons

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• Tradition
• Jesus was a male
• Choose male apostles
• Not something anyone can choose
• No one has the right to be ordained
• Celebration of the sacrament
• Laying on of hands by the bishop
• Prayer of consecration
• Minister bishop
• Cannot be repeated

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Matrimony

• Marriage is a sacred covenant --that is an
  agreement between the husband and wife, and
  between the couple and God.

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• Matrimony
• Established by God
• Modeled after Christ His Church
• St. Augustine
• Procreation of children
• Chastity fidelity of spouses
• Indissoluble union
• Must be given freely
• Mutually confer on each other
• Gift of unconditional love

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• Effects
• Grace to love one another
• Grace to remain faithful
• Strengthen each other for eternal life
• Blessed with children
• Grace to raise children in the faith
• Called domestic Church
• Celebration
• Sacred covenant
• Liturgy of the Word importance of marriage
• Special nuptial blessing
• Holy Communion

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The Essential Rite of Matrimony

• The essential element of Matrimony is the mutual
  consent to marry.
• The words of consent must be freely given.
• Catholics must marry in the presence of a priest
  or a deacon, and in the presence of two
  witnesses.
• The spouses themselves are the ministers of the
  sacrament.

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Matrimony

• The family is called the domestic Church. The
  family is a living witness and testimony of
  eternal, unbreakable, and boundless love that the
  couple (and their children) give to one another
  and to the world.

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The Seven Sacraments

• The sacraments celebrate Jesus as the Way, the
  Truth, and the Life.
• The sacraments are a way for us to live life to
  the fullest.
• The sacraments are the way to allow Jesus to
  touch our lives.
•