Energy Conservation Act and Energy Audit

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Energy Conservation Act and Energy Audit
ATAR SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR, NPTI
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Introduction
India has an installed power generating capacity
of 143,061 MW (as on March 31, 2008) of which
the thermal power stations share is 91,906 MW
(64).
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Total Installed Capacity- 1,43,061 MW (as
on March 31, 2008 )
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Energy Use in India

• Energy consumption in India is low, though
  efficiency of use is reasonable
• Per capita energy consumption is 530 kgoe world
  average is 1770
• Energy intensity of Indian economy was 0.18
  kgoe/-GDP(PPP) in 2004 compared to 0.14 in
  Japan and 0.19 in the EU
• Energy demand is increasing due to rising
  incomes, accelerated industrialization,
  urbanization and population growth
• 2003-04 572 Mtoe
• 2016-17 842-916 Mtoe
• 2026-27 1406-1561 Mtoe
• Meeting the increasing demand only through
  increases in supply may lead to
• Reduced energy security due to volatility in
  availability and prices of imported fuels
• Adverse environmental impacts
• Strain on balance of payments
• Energy conservation and energy-efficiency are an
  essential part of national energy strategy

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Indian Thermal Power Stations

• The contribution of energy generated by thermal
  stations was 559 billion kWh, which is about 80
  of electricity generated (704.5 billion kWh) in
  2007-08.
• There has been significant improvement in the
  plant load factor of thermal stations, which
  improved from 52.4 in 1985-86 to 78.6 in
  2007-08, registering a remarkable improvement of
  50 during the period.
• Since the major power generation contribution is
  from thermal sector, an average increase of 1
  in the thermal power plant efficiency would
  result in
• a. Coal savings of approx. 11 million tons per
  annum for nation (approx) worth 200 Million
  Euro
• b. 3 CO2 reduction per annum (approx.13.5
  million tons per annum)

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ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR () OF COAL FIRED
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
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INDIAN SCENARIO DESIGN HEAT RATE TRENDS
PERIOD STEAM PRESSURE TEMPERATURE UNIT SIZE (MW) TURBINE Heat Rate (Kcal/kWh) Unit Heat Rate (Kcal/kWh)
1951-60 60 kg/cm2, 482oC 30 57.5 2470
1961-75 70 kg/cm2, 496oC to 90 ata 538oC 60 100 2370
1961-75 130 ata 535/535oC 110 120 2170 2060 2552-2423
1977-82 130 ata 535/535oC 210 (Russian) 2060 2423
1983 150 ata 535/535oC 210 (Siemens) 2024 2335
1984 170 ata 535/535oC 500 1950 (TDBFP) 2294
1990 150 ata 535/535oC 170 ata 538/538 oC 210/ 250 250/ 500 1950 (MDBFP) 1950 (TDBFP) 2294 2294
Above are best design values (design rates of individual unit varies based on reference ambient, coal quality, design and supply dates) Above are best design values (design rates of individual unit varies based on reference ambient, coal quality, design and supply dates) Above are best design values (design rates of individual unit varies based on reference ambient, coal quality, design and supply dates) Above are best design values (design rates of individual unit varies based on reference ambient, coal quality, design and supply dates) Above are best design values (design rates of individual unit varies based on reference ambient, coal quality, design and supply dates)
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EFFECT OF CRITICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT RATE
Variation Impact (kCal /kWh) Impact (kCal /kWh)
Variation 200 MW Unit 500 MW Unit
SH Spray 20 T/hr 0.30 0.81
RH Spray 20 T/hr 12.00 4.76
MS Pr. 10 kg 12.00 7.30
MS Temp. 10oC 6.00 6.20
RH Steam 10oC 6.00 5.55
Load 10 MW 12.00 4.36
Cond. Back Pr. 5 mm Hg 8.00 6.70
FW Temp. 10oC 8.00 10
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Policy initiatives of Government of India to
improve the power sector efficiency

• Power sector reforms
• Promotion of clean coal technologies,
• Energy Conservation Act 2001
• Electricity Act 2003
• National Electricity Policy, 2005
• Adoption of Super Critical Technology for 660/
  800 MW units for Ultra mega Projects (4000 MW
  each) and
• Increased emphasis on environmental
  considerations

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Barrier to Efficiency Improvement in Power Sector
Indian Scenario

• Emphasis on plant load factor instead of
  efficient generation.
• Degradation of equipment resulting in loss of
  capacity.
• Delayed overhauls (Seasonal Constraints)
• Financial constraints lead to inadequate
  maintenance
• Lack of awareness on efficiency related issues
• Inadequate monitoring system for parameters

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ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT - 2001

• Enacted in October 2001
• Become effective from 1st March 2002
• Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  operationalized from 1st March 2002.
• MISSION OF BEE
• Develop policy and strategies with a thrust on
  self regulation and market principles, within the
  overall framework of the EC Act with the primary
  objective of reducing energy intensity of the
  Indian economy.

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• DESIGNATED CONSUMERS
• ( Energy Intensive Industries and other
  Establishments)
• (A programme to initially focus on energy policy
  issues of energy efficiency improvement in
  organized sectors such as energy intensive
  industries and commercial sector through
  establishment of energy management system,
  capacity building of energy professionals,
  implementation of energy audits, establishments
  of specific energy consumption norms and support
  to consumers on providing information on
  authentic energy data )
• Schedule to EC Act provides list of 15 energy
  intensive industries and other establishments to
  be notified as designated consumers (DC). DCs to
• Appoint or designate energy managers
• Get energy audits conducted by accredited energy
  auditors
• Implement techno-economic viable recommendations
• Comply with norms of specific energy consumption
  fixed
• Submit report on steps taken

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1) Criteria for Notification for a Industry as Designated Consumer Thermal Power Stations- 30,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
2) Fertilizer- 30,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
3) Cement- 30,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
4) Iron Steel- 30,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
5) Chlor-Alkali- 12,000metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
6) Aluminium- 7,500 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
7) Railways- One traction substation in each Zonal Railway , Production units and Workshops of Indian Railways having total annual energy consumption of 30,000 MTOE or more under Ministry of Railways
8) Textile-3,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
9) Pulp Paper-30,000 metric tonne of oil equivalent (MTOE) per year and above
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The Indo German Energy Programme (IGEN)

• The Ministry of Power, Government of India and
  GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
  Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH) signed an
  implementation agreement with respect to the
  Indo-German Energy Programme in 2006.
• The Indo German Energy Programme (IGEN) is
  performing research work and performance
  assessment in support of the implementation of
  the Energy Conservation Act 2001 in cooperation
  with the Ministry of Power and its statutory
  bodies Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), and
  Central Electricity Authority (CEA).
• Under the IGEN agreement, CEA has been entrusted
  with the task of ensuring performance
  optimisation and efficiency of thermal power
  plants.

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The Indo German Energy Programme (IGEN)

• The overall aim of this measure under Indo
  Germany Energy programme is to support and
  prepare public and private power plant operators
  for performance reporting as well as
  implementation of financially attractive and
  technically viable improvements of power plant
  net heat rate under the provisions of the Energy
  Conservation Act.
• The project is being executed under two main
  sub-components
• 1. Mapping Studies of thermal power generating
  units
• 2. Performance Optimisation of Thermal Power
  Stations

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Mapping Studies of Indian Thermal Power
Stations(Sub Component-I)

• GTZ has provided support to CEA in creating a
  database of the older thermal power plants in
  India.
• The scope of the work primarily covers the
  mapping of the 85 thermal power generating units
  by using Ebsilon software.
• The mapping is done for two-condition design
  status and the actual operating status based on
  plant parameters gathered from different plant
  locations.
• Its primary purpose is to provide a baseline
  mapping for creating a database within CEA and
  identify areas both short and long term, needing
  attention in order to improve energy efficiency.
• The baseline map would permit an objective
  method of setting targets and monitoring
  progress.

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Mapping studies of 65 Thermal power generating
units of the 14 Indian States viz. Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana,
Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh West Bengal have been
completed. The mapping studies carried out by
using Ebsilon Software have brought out the
deviations between design and operating
parameters such as gross heat rate, turbine heat
rate, boiler efficiency , specific coal
consumption of the power generating units .
MAPPING STUDIES - PROGRESS ACHIEVED
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Salient features of outcome of Mapping Studies of
twenty-six nos. of 210 MW units
1. The mapped thermal generating units were
characterized by a wide band of energy
performance 2. Few of them were very closed to
their designed energy performance, but majority
of them had deviated from their designed
performance by a bigger margin 3. Operating
Gross Heat Rate was found to be varying from 2477
to 3084 kCal/kWh against their design values of
2321 and 2444 kCal/kWh respectively, exhibiting
deviation band width of 156 kCal/kWh (6.3) to
640 kCal/kWh (20.7)
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4. For an average designed Gross Heat Rate of
2384 kCal/kWh for these 26 units of 210 MW
capacities, the heat rate has increased by an
average value of 385 kCal /kWh, registering an
average increase of 16 from their design
performance.
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5. The mapping studies have proved that older
units having better operation and maintenance
practices can still demonstrate higher
performance than comparatively younger units.
27 of 210 MW power generating units, having
age more than 25 years have shown better
performance than 54 of 210 MW units in the age
group of 14-25 years
Average Gross Heat Rate by age group (210 MW)
(as observed through Mapping Studies)
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• The operating gross heat rate of turbines was
  found to be the major contributor in the
  deterioration in the energy performance of 210 MW
  units. The turbine gross heat rate varied from
  2045 to 2407 kcal/kWh indicating a wide
  difference of 362 kCal/kWh in the operating
  performance of 210 MW turbine units, which is
  about 60 of the total deviation (607kCal/kWh)
  observed for 210 MW generating units.
• Turbine Heat Rate of 210 MW capacity units
  (kcal/kWh)(as observed through Mapping Studies)

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Average Gross Heat Rate by Turbine Type (210
MW) (as observed through Mapping Studies)
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Average Gross Heat Rate by Boiler Type (210 MW)
(as observed through Mapping Studies)
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Boiler Efficiency of 210 MW capacity units
()(as observed through Mapping Studies)
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Percentage of Auxiliary Consumption of 210 MW
capacity units ()
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Performance Optimisation of Thermal Power
Stations under IGEN Programme (Sub Component II)

• The overall aim of this measure is to support
  and prepare public and private power plant
  operators for performance reporting as well as
  implementation of financially attractive and
  technically viable improvements of power plant
  net heat rate under the provisions of the Energy
  Conservation Act.
• This phase has been initiated with effect from
  15th January, 2008 and is expected to be
  completed by 15th January, 2010. The following 5
  outputs are planned

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Performance Optimisation of Thermal Power
Stations under IGEN Programme (Sub Component II)
Contd
1. Capacity building of power plant personnel and
Technical assistance for conduct of high quality
energy audits 2. Technical assistance in the
establishment of energy management system in the
power plants 3. Annual statistics of validated
impact of energy conservation in power
plants 4. Familiarization and interchange of
best practices with power plant operators in
Germany or Europe 5. Development of electronic
data base to analyze the findings of all energy
audit reports carried out in power plants and
assessment of impacts with respect to energy
conservation and efficiency.
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PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION OF THERMAL POWER
STATIONS - PROGRESS ACHIVED

• The following progress has been achieved in the
  past 6 months since the initiation of the
  activities with effect from 15th January, 2008.
• Output 1
• Technical Assistance for Conduct of High
  Quality Energy Audits
• 1. 1 Survey of best practices on power plant
  performance monitoring in Germany / Europe, data
  generation and its analysis, software and
  analytical tools used, on line as well as mobile
  measuring instruments, newest trend in power
  plant performance optimization, etc.
• -- (completed)

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1.2. Organization of 20 workshops and 20
seminars to disseminate findings across India
--- Workshops Seminars across the country in
progress. 1.3 Development of standard procedure
for energy auditing of power plants and its
finalization --- Application of guidelines for
energy auditing of thermal power
plants manual prepared 1.5 Undertake statistical
analysis of 100 energy audit reports prepared by
accredited energy auditors for assessment of
their quality and findings ---- (Received 25
reports from power stations and evaluated for
statistical analysis on the qualitative
assessment such as areas covered, quality of
reports, probing skills, report structure etc.)
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• Output 2
• Technical Assistance in the Establishment of
  energy management system in the power plants
• 2.1 Development of a model organizational
  structure for establishing Energy Management
  Cells, employing certified Energy Manager, based
  on the outcome of the survey of all public and
  private power plants
• --- in progress
• 2.2 Discuss with public private power plants
  owner findings in workshops and present a common
  most preffered energy conservation studies plan
  and delivery mechanism
• Miscellaneous
• To promote energy efficiency improvement in the
  power plants, a new home page on "Power Plant
  Optimization" Component has been established
  w.e.f May, 2008 in www.energymanagertraining.com
  .

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Outcome Expected from IGEN
The following outcomes are expected of the
programme a. Assistance in the improved
efficiency of thermal power plants b.
Establishment of mapped power plants data
bank c. Establishment of Energy Efficiency cell
at Power Plants d. Capacity building of the
power plant professional on power plant
optimization e. Standard Prescribed format
for submitting Energy Audit Reports.
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CONCLUSIONS

• The increasing preference for commercial energy
  has led to a sharp increase in the demand for
  electricity and fossil fuels.
• Use of Fossil Fuels result in emission of huge
  quantity of carbon dioxide causing serious
  environmental damages.
• There is a considerable potential for reducing
  energy consumption by adopting energy efficiency
  measures in thermal power stations of our
  country.
• Energy efficiency will not only reduce the need
  to create new capacity requiring high investment,
  but also result in substantial environmental
  benefits.
• With the enactment of the Indian Energy
  Conservation Act, 2001, an institutional
  framework is now available for promoting energy
  efficiency in all sectors of the economy
• Efficient use of energy and its conservation will
  succeed as a program if there is a strong
  institutional set up in the country and opinion
  leaders and captains of industry take lead in
  implementing the best practices supporting the
  conservation programme

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ENERGY IS LIFE
JOIN
HANDS
IN
CONSERVING IT