The Impact of the Enlightenment

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The Impact of the Enlightenment

• Ch. 10 Section 3-4

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Art and Music

• A new style of art called rococo takes over
  Europe
• Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
• Not religiously focused
• Focused on the pursuit of pleasure, happiness,
  and love
• Composers such as Mozart and Bach created their
  masterpieces during this time in history

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Enlightened Absolutism?

• Enlightened absolutism rulers tried to govern
  by Enlightenment principles while maintaining
  their royal powers
• Frederick II of Prussia, also known as Frederick
  the Great
• Abolished the use of torture except in treason
  and murder cases
• Granted limited freedom of speech and press
• Greater religious toleration

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Maria Theresa

• Maria Theresa of Austria
• Worked hard to ease the condition of the serfs
• Maria Theresas son Joseph II
• Abolished serfdom
• Eliminated the death penalty
• Established equality b/f the law
• Enacted religious reforms, including religious
  toleration

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Joseph II of Austria

• Joseph II reforms failed b/c
• He alienated the nobles by freeing the serfs
• He alienated the Catholic Church w/ his religious
  reforms
• Even the freed serfs were unhappy
• They did not know what to do with all this
  freedom and were unable to make sense of all of
  it
• Joseph II realized his failures
• He wrote the epitaph for his tombstone Here lies
  Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything he
  undertook.
• His successors undid almost all of his reforms

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Seven Years War

• Sides of war
• France, Austria, and Russia
• Britain and Prussia
• Areas of conflict
• Europe, India, and North America

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Seven Years War

• In Europe
• Prussia British vs. Russia, France Austria
• Frederick the Great monarch of Prussia
• Prussias forces under attack from 3 different
  directions
• Peter III b/c new Russian czar
• Peter III greatly admires Frederick the Great of
  Prussia
• Peter III w/draws Russian troops from the war
• War ends in Europe with the Treaty of Paris in
  1763
• All occupied territories are returned to their
  original owners

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Seven Years War

• In India
• Known in India as the Great War for Empire
• British vs. French
• British win b/c they were more persistent
• War in India ends with the Treaty of Paris in
  1763
• The French w/drew and left India to the British

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Seven Years War

• In North America
• French Indians (and later the Spanish) vs.
  British Colonists
• Called the French and Indian War in America
• French colonies in N. America
• Vast trading area, very thinly populated, lived
  well with the Indians
• British colonies in N. America
• Very populated, infringed on the Indians way of
  life
• The French and British were fighting over the
  Ohio River Valley

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French and Indian War

• Ohio River Valley
• France b/g to put forts in the Ohio River Valley
• French forts were threatening British settlers
  from expanding into the area
• Indians side w/ the French b/c the French are
  traders, not settlers
• The British did not live well w/ the Indians

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French and Indian War

• War in N. America ended w/ the Treaty of Paris in
  1763 Britain Won!
• Transferred Canada and the lands east of the
  Mississippi to England
• Spain transferred Florida to British control
• French gave their Louisiana territory to the
  Spanish
• By 1763 Great Britain had b/c the worlds
  greatest colonial power

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American Revolution

• British needs money to pay for the debt of the
  French and Indian War
• They b/g to tax colonists in order to make money
• Colonist b/g to unite and organize against
  British laws they saw as unjust and invalid
• The war begins due to
• NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!!!!!
• France gives aid to the colonists
• France was instrumental in the colonists winning
  the war

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American Revolution

• Treaty of Paris 1783 ends the war
• Recognizes the independence of the American
  colonies
• The United States of America
• Grants the Americans control of the land as far
  west as the Mississippi River
• The new country drafts a Constitution and a Bill
  of Rights

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Enlightened America

• The war for independence
• Influenced by
• John Locke corrupt govt. should be overthrown
  and replaced by a govt. of the people
• Rousseau govt. is only valid if the people give
  their consent (social contract)
• The Constitution and Bill of Rights
• Influenced by Montesquieu 3 branches of govt.
• John Locke natural rights, protection of
  citizens
• Rousseau social contract makes laws valid