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The Impact of the Enlightenment

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The Impact of the Enlightenment The Arts Architecture and Art: Many rulers build grand castles to mimic Louis XIV s Palace at Versailles unique architectural style ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Impact of the Enlightenment


1
The Impact of the Enlightenment
2
The Arts
  • Architecture and Art Many rulers build grand
    castles to mimic Louis XIVs Palace at Versailles
  • unique architectural style is created
  • Rococo new artistic style is created as well
  • Emphasizes grace, charm and gentle action
  • Highly secular focused on the pursuit of
    pleasure, happiness and love
  • Sense of enchantment and enthusiasm

3
MusicPerfecting Baroque
  • Johann Sebastian Bach
  • One of the greatest composers of all time
  • German
  • Mass in B Minor
  • George Frederick Handel
  • Messiah
  • German, but lived in England
  • With Bach, perfected the baroque musical style

4
Music Creation of Classical
  • Haydn
  • Wanted to play public concerts rather than serve
    only princely patrons
  • The desire to play for everyone leads him to
    write his two great works
  • Mozart
  • Child prodigy
  • Along with Haydn, helps to found what we know as
    classical music
  • One of the greatest composers of all time

5
Literature
  • 18th century development of the European novel

6
Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism
  • What role does Enlightenment thought play in
    politics?
  • Who believes in natural rights for all people?
  • We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
    all men are created equal that they are endowed
    by their creator with certain inalienable rights
    that among these are life, liberty and the
    pursuit of happiness.
  • How were these natural rights to be preserved?
  • Governed under an enlightened ruler
  • Enlightened absolutism rulers try to govern by
    Enlightenment principles while maintaining their
    royal powers

7
Frederick the Great
8
Frederick the Great of Prussia
  • Enlightened despot
  • Made enlightened reforms
  • Abolished the use of torture except in treason
    and murder cases
  • Granted limited freedom of speech and the press,
    as well as complete religious toleration
  • On the other hand
  • Kept Prussias serfdom and rigid social structure
    intact and avoided any additional reforms

9
The Austrian Empire
  • Joseph II succeeds Maria Theresa and starts to
    call for enlightened change
  • Swept away anything standing in the path of
    reason
  • Abolishes serfdom, eliminates the death penalty,
    equality before the law, enacts religious
    reforms.
  • Josephs reform program largely fails
  • Why?

10
Russia under Catherine the Great
  • Rules Russia from 1762-1796
  • Assumes the throne after her husband is murdered
    by a group of nobles
  • German
  • Favored the ideas of the philosophes and wanted
    to implement reform, but does not
  • Why?
  • Need support of nobility

11
Philosophes v. 18th Century Monarchs
  • Philosophes
  • Condemn war as foolish
  • Want all to have equality under the law
  • Monarchs
  • Use war to expand empires
  • Concerned with the balance of power, that each
    state should have equal power
  • Really, each want to gain more power

12
War
  • War of Austrian Succession
  • Maria Theresa succeeds her father on the Austrian
    throne
  • King Frederick of Prussia invades Austrian
    Silesia
  • France enters war vs. Austria, its traditional
    enemy
  • Treaty agreed to in 1748
  • Prussia refuses to return Silesia to Austria
    another war

13
War
14
War
  • The Seven Years War 1756-1763
  • Maria Theresa rebuilds army and takes France as
    an ally from Prussia
  • Russia joins France and Austria
  • Sees Prussia as a threat
  • Britain allies itself with Prussia
  • War fought in 3 locations Europe, India, and
    North America
  • War in Europe Prussia holds its ground against
    Austria, Russia, and France
  • Once Russia withdraws, there is a stalemate
  • Agree to end war and Prussia keeps Silesia all
    other occupied territories are returned to their
    original owner
  • War in India
  • Britain vs. France
  • Seeking to expand their empire
  • India falls to Britain
  • War in North America
  • Great Britain is victorious overall and becomes
    one of the greatest colonial powers
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