Breeds of Beef Cattle

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Breeds of Beef Cattle
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Study Sheet

• Unit Introduction to Beef Production
• Lesson (2) Breeds of Beef Cattle
• Objective I will be able to identify the major
  beef breeds and their significance to the beef
  industry.

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Study Questions

• How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of
  beef cattle differ?
• What are the histories and identifying
  characteristics of beef breeds common in
  Missouri?
• What are factors that influence breed selection?

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Study Question 1

• How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of
  beef cattle differ?

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Two species of Beef Cattle

• Bos indicus
• Bos taurus

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Bos indicus Bos taurus

• Originated from Cattle in India
• Loose skin
• Large ears
• Humped
• Heat-resistant
• Insect-resistant

• Originated in Europe
• Tight hides
• Small ears
• No humps
• More tolerant of cold weather

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How many breed of Beef Cattle exist?

• Worldwide there are over 200 breeds of beef
  cattle.
• We are going to learn about 16 breeds that are
  common in Missouri.

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Study Question 2

• What are the histories and identifying
  characteristics of beef breeds common in
  Missouri?

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Angus

• First imported from Scotland by George Grant of
  Kansas in 1837
• Solid black in color
• Naturally polled
• Maternal
• High quality carcasses with a large degree of
  marbling

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Red Angus

• Red color due to a recessive gene in black Angus
• Same characteristics as black Angus

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Beefmaster

• Developed in Texas in 1931 by Tom Lasater
• ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn, ½ Brahman
• Red to almost white in color
• Horned or polled
• Good growth rate
• Hardy
• Maternal and fertile

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Brahman

• Developed from Zebu cattle in India crossed with
  several European Breeds
• Gray to black in color
• Loose hides
• Large ears
• Humped
• Horned
• Heat-resistant
• Insect-resistant

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Brangus

• Developed in the United States in the early
  twentieth century
• 5/8 Angus, 3/8 Brahman
• Black
• Polled Maternal
• High growth rate
• Thick carcasses with a minimum of excess fat

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Charolais

• Introduced in the United States by the King Ranch
  in the 1930s
• Originally developed in France
• White
• Horned or polled
• Large
• Heavily muscled
• Fast-growing

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Chianina

• Originated in Italy
• First used in the United States in the early
  1970s
• Used to produce show steers as a terminal breed
• Almost any color
• Horned or polled
• Fast Growing
• Extremely Large

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Gelbvieh

• Originated in Germany
• Imported I the early 1970s
• Red to golden or black in color
• Horned or polled
• Gentle
• Very maternal

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Hereford

• Imported from England by Henry Clay in 1817
• Red with white face and chest also white on
  neck, feet and switch
• Horned, but used to develop Polled Hereford breed
• Excellent foragers
• Tolerant of cold weather

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Limousin

• Originated in France
• First introduced into the United States in the
  late 1960s
• Light red to dark red or black
• Horned or polled
• Lean
• Heavily muscled

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Longhorn

• Originally from Spain
• Brought to Mexico and then Texas in the early
  1500s
• Extremely Hardy
• Almost any color or combination of colors
• Horned (spreading to four or more feet)
• Lean meat
• Adaptable to harsh environmental conditions
• Resistant to many diseases and parasites

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Maine Anjou

• Originated in France
• Introduced to the United States around 1970
• Red and white, solid red, black, or black and
  white in color
• Horned or polled
• Heavily muscled
• Gentle
• Fast-growing
• Used extensively in producing show steers

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Salers

• Originated in France
• Imported in the mid 1970s
• Black or dark cherry red in color
• Horned
• Easy calving
• High growth

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Santa Gertrudis

• Developed on the King Ranch in Texas in the early
  twentieth century
• 5/8 Shorthorn, 3/8 Brahman
• Dark red
• Horned or polled
• Easy-calving
• Good foraging ability

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Shorthorn

• Originated in England
• Red red white or roan in color
• Horned or polled
• Highly maternal
• Gentle
• High-quality carcasses

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Simmental

• Originated in Switzerland
• First imported in 1969
• Solid red, red and white, yellow, black, or black
  and white in color
• Horned or polled
• Large
• Fast growing
• Maternal
• High milk production

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Study Question 3

• What factors influence breed selection?

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Breed Selection

• Needs of the producer
• Breeds used in the past
• Available feed and labor resources
• Goals of the operation
• Market trends
• Traits of the breeds

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Review

• How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of
  beef cattle differ?
• What are the histories and identifying
  characteristics of beef breeds common in
  Missouri?
• What are factors that influence breed selection?