Welcome to Mr. Lam

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Welcome to Mr. Lams AP Class!

• Agenda 10/4
• Do Now!
• Cells
• Homework and Reminders

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Turn in Lab

• Staple two lab handouts together and pass to
  aisles
• I will call on you to check your journals while
  youre doing an activity today

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Starter 18 and Objectives

• Table of Content Cell structures and functions
  continue
• Starter List three most important body systems
  and explain why.
• Objectives
• Identify and explain the anatomy and physiology
  of cells, including how cells make protein,
  divide, and cancer

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Homework and Reminders

• Homework
• Study for test next tuesday

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Go over Essay

• Essay expectations (if have time today or
  Thursday)
• APA format (next Tuesday after test)

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The Nucleus

• enclosed by nuclear envelope
• contains DNA
• wrapped around histones
• nucleolus
• makes ribosomal RNA

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Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ribosomes
• make polypeptides
• endoplasmic reticulum
• network of membranes
• Smooth (lipids)
• Rough (proteins)

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Golgi Apparatus

• makes vesicles
• move materials (proteins) out of cell
• makes lysosomes
• contain digestive enzymes
• Why enzymes enclosed in lysosomes?

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DNA, RNA, and Proteins

• DNA Replication
• DNA to DNA
• Required Enzymes Helicase and DNA Polymerase
• Transcription
• DNA to RNA
• Required Enzymes Helicase and RNA Polymerase
• Translation
• RNA to proteins
• Required mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and Ribosomes

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• Complete online matching challenge
• Fig 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.18,
• Vocabs crossword

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Life Cycle of a Cell

• interphase
• the mitotic phase
• mitosis
• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase
• cytokinesis

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Mitosis

• prophase
• chromatin condenses into chromosomes, cell
  membrane breaks down
• metaphase
• chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

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Mitosis

• anaphase
• centromeres are cut in half, sister chromatids
  pull toward centrioles
• telophase
• chromosomes decondense, new nuclear membrane
  forms

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Cytokinesis

• the cytoplasm divides into two parts, the final
  step of cell division

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Meiosis I and II

• Meiosis -- the process of reproduction of gametes
  or sex cells containing one half of the
  chromosome s from each respective parent
• Meiosis I
• Meiosis II

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Cancer

• cancer cell
• grows too much
• grows where it does not belong
• does not die when it should
• Causes
• Gene Mutations
• Germline mutations (inherited cancer, minority)
• Acquired mutations (sporadic cancer, majority)
• such as smoking, radiation, viruses,
  cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity,
  hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of
  exercise.

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Review and Assessment

• Fill in the blanks below with mitochondria,
  metaphase, or ribosome.
• 1.The _______________ is the powerhouse of the
  cell.
• 2.The _______________ makes polypeptides.
• 3. _______________ is a stage of mitosis.
• 4. DNA is wrapped around _______________.

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Disease associated with Tissues

• Environmental Diseases -- Usually caused by
  allergens or pathogens found in the environment
  resulting in permanent tissue damage.
• Melanoma -- malignant form of cancer that results
  from overexposure to UV rays affects the
  bottom-most layer of the skin which contains the
  actively mitotic melanocytes and keratinocytes
  causes irreversible cellular and tissue damage.
• Lung Cancer -- destruction of cilia caused by
  smoke inhalation can cause lasting effects due to
  the inability to trap and remove particles from
  the air we breathe lungs build up with tar and
  other toxins causing irreversible damage to
  tissue.
• Cervical Cancer -- discovered to be acquired by
  exposure to the Human Papilloma Virus (virus
  which causes warts).

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Disease associated with Osmosis

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - If a woman drinks
  alcohol during her pregnancy, her baby can be
  born with FAS, a lifelong, physically and
  mentally disabling condition
• A. abnormal facial features
• B. growth deficiencies
• C. central nervous system (CNS) problems
• D. people with FAS may have problems with
  learning, memory, attention span, communication,
  vision, and/or hearing
• E. FAS is a permanent condition

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Diseases related to cell transport

• Cystic Fibrosis -- a defect in the membrane
  channel carrier proteins affecting the simple
  diffusion of sodium and chloride causing thick
  mucus production and clogging organs b.
• Diabetes mellitus (DM) -- a disorder of
  facilitated diffusion where insulin, the carrier
  molecule for glucose, is not enough or is
  ineffective to transport into cells this results
  in hyperglycemia thus affecting the osmotic
  pressure of all cells resulting in dehydrating
  the cells of fluid as glucose concentration
  increases extracellularly and water is drawn from
  within the cell. This explains why diabetics
  frequently urinate with traces or high amounts of
  glucose in the urine.

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Diseases of Accessory structures

• a. Tay-Sachs Caused by lysosomal defect where
  there is an enzyme deficiency rendering the
  lysosome unable to digest and toxins accumulate
  especially in the lysosomes of neurons resulting
  in mental retardation and death
• b. Cigarettes and paralyzed cilia -- a
  side-effect of smoking lungs are left unable to
  clear particles

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Disease associated with Tissues

• Ketonuria -- Since diabetics cannot transport
  glucose into the cells due to lack of or
  ineffective insulin, the cells turn to alternate
  sources of fuel starting with stored fats and
  will finally resort to ingesting its own
  proteins. Fat and tissue breakdown will show in
  the urine as fruity-smelling ketones or show as
  high levels of cholesterol build-up in blood
  vessels.
• Cystic Fibrosis -- Due to a transport failure, a
  build-up of mucus causes obstruction of vital and
  non-vital organs complications result in
  pneumonia or malnutrition from inability to
  secrete enzymes or absorb nutrients because of
  abnormal thick mucus plugs.

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3-2-1 Summary

• Write
• 3 things you learned
• 2 examples, applications, or inferences about
  what youve learned
• 1 question (or draw 1 conclusion)
• Stand up, find a partner, and do a walk and
  talk sharing your summaries
• Add at least one more idea to your summary

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Essential Learning Questions

• Students can articulate
• what they are doing
• What they are learning
• Why they are learning
• What success looks like