What we

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What weve done.

• Monday notes 15.2/16.1
• P457 8-15 p477 3-6
• Tuesday notes 15.3/16.2
• P462 16-21 p486 16-23
• Wednesday lab separating mixtures
• Hmwk p499 50-53

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Acids Bases
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• Acids
• 1. Taste sour

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• 2. Donates Hydrogen ions H
• 3. Forms Hydronium ions H3O
• Products of a chemical reaction will show H3O

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• Products of a chemical reaction will show H3O
• HCl H2O ? H3O Cl-

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• 4. Turns Universal Indicator
• to RED

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• 5. It Burns skin and tissue

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• 6. Conducts electricity

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• 7. Crystalline Solid

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• Examples

Stomach acid
Battery acid
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• Bases
• 1. Tastes Bitter

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• 2. Hydroxide ions OH-

KOH ? K OH-
NH3 H2O ? NH4 OH-
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• 3. Turns Universal Indicator
• to BLUE

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• 4. Corrosive (feels slippery)

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• 5. Can also conduct electricity

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• Examples
• Sodium hydroxide pellets

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• Soap basic
• surrounds oily substances
• allows emulsion in water
• Whisked away!

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• pH Scale
• measures hydronium ions (H3O)

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Comparative concentrations
Hydronium ions (acid) Hydroxide ions (base)
0 - 6 Acids A lot A little
7 neutral
8 -14 Bases A little A lot
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Concentration changes by powers of 10

• pH 1 has 10x more acidic (H) than pH 2
• pH 1 has 100x more acidic (H) than pH 3
• More ?? Less
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
  13 14

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Neutralization

• Acid Base ? water
• H3O OH- ? H2O

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• KOH HNO3 ? H2O K NO3-
• Is it balanced?

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• Must have amounts of
• hydronium and hydroxide ions
• to completely neutralize

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The End

• Homework--- Due Monday!
• (from Wednesday) p499 50-53
• (new) p499 54-55
• (new) p501 78, 81, 82
• Dont forget to turn in Lab Separating Mixtures
  today!!!