Inventor of the Printing Press

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People PT 1. People Pt. 2 Northern Renaissance pt. 1 Northern Renaissance pt. 2 Reformation pt. 1 Reformation pt. 2 Old stuff
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Inventor of the Printing Press
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• Johann Gutenberg

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German Priest who is credited with starting the
Reformation after nailing a list of complaints
about the Church to a church door.
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Martin Luther
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This person broke away from the Catholic Church
and formed the Church of England after the Pope
wouldnt grant his divorce.
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• King Henry VIII

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• Northern scholar who warned against ignoring
  history and encourage the study of history and
  the humanities.

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• Petrarch

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• English professor who was executed for
  translating the Bible into English.

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William Tyndale
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Politician who wrote a short book, The Prince,
which gave practical advice to leaders on how
they should rule.
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Machiavelli
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Considered one of the greatest writers in the
English language (over 30 plays and created over
2,000 words).
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• William Shakespeare

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• Influential church reformer who taught the idea
  of predestination to his followers.

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• John Calvin

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• Northern Renaissance Author who wrote the book
  Don Quixote which poked fun at the romantic tales
  of the middle ages.

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• Miguel de Cervantes

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Religious reformer who criticized the corrupt
clergy and wanted to get rid of some Church
rituals he thought were meaningless. Instead of
rituals he emphasized devotion to God and the
teachings of Jesus.
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• Desiderius Erasmus

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• In regards to education, what could women NOT DO
  during the Renaissance?

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• Attend Universities

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• What was the first book printed using the new
  printing press?

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• The Bible

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What was the focus of art in the North during the
Renaissance?
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• Daily life/realistic scenes (lifelike)

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What were the new subjects (that were not
religious but focused on human conditions/history/
etc.) known as?
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• Humanities

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What two things did Mathematicians create in
regards to Math during the Renaissance?
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• Symbols for positive and negative numbers
• Symbol for square root

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What were 2 new subjects taught during the
Renaissance that were not really taught during
the Middle Ages?
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• Art, history, literature, music, language, etc.

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• What were two ways the printing press helped
  change Europe?

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• Helped spread information quickly, start printing
  things in common languages, much quicker,
  literature can be mass produced.

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What were 3 of Shakespeare's famous plays?
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• Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, etc.

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• What changes in Literature helped the common
  people during the Renaissance?

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• Literature began to be written in common
  languages so more people could understand it and
  learn from it.

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What were two similarities and two differences
between the Northern and Italian Renaissance?
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• Similar- advances in math, art, and literature.
  More lifelike art and use of perspective, write
  in common languages, education in humanities and
  is more well-rounded
• Differences North- scholars study religion and
  question it, religious humanism, more
  realistic/lifelike paintings
• Italy- Focus on ancient Greece and Rome, study
  Greek and Roman poetry, art/etc, classical myths
  (not daily life) is focus of art.

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Who were Protestants? What were some reasons they
were angry with the Church?
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• People who rebelled against the Catholic Church.
• Problems Church too involved in politics, too
  involved with wealth, sale of indulgences (reduce
  time in Purgatory), not religious enough.

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• What did Calvinists believe?
• Who were Huguenots?

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• Calvinists- predestination (fate decided before
  you are born)
• Huguenots- French protestants

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• What was the Counter (Catholic) Reformation?
• Who were the Jesuits?

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• Counter (Catholic) Reformation- Effort to reform
  Church from within and stop spread of
  Protestantism
• Jesuits- Religious order formed to help stop
  Protestantism and to help Spread Catholicism
  across the world.

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• What happened to Martin Luther after he nailed
  his 95 theses to the Church door?

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• He was excommunicated and exiled from Germany (a
  German noble, however, hid him so he stayed in
  Germany).
• Put on trial

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• What law granted freedom for French Protestants
  to worship mostly anywhere freely in France
  except for Paris and a few other cities.

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• Edict of Nantes

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• What is Federalism?

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• Sharing of power between local and strong central
  governments.

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• What were the results of the Council of Trent?
  Name 3.

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• No selling indulgences, protestant ideas are
  rejected, bishops live in areas they oversee, ban
  certain books, set up religious courts to track
  down non-Catholics.

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• According to Machiavelli, the ideal ruler should
  be ..

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• Feared and loved

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• Why was the 30 years War fought? What was the
  Treaty of Westphalia (what did it say?)?

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• King of Bohemia (state in Holy Roman Empire)
  tried to force all his people to become Catholic.
  
• Protestants fight back and other countries join
  in 30 years of fighting.
• Treaty of Westphalia- Ended the War and said that
  leaders could choose whether their people would
  be Protestant or Catholic.

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• What were 2 religious and 2 social/political
  changes that occurred as a result of the
  Reformation?

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• Religious Protestant groups form, Jesuits spread
  Catholicism around world, Council of Trent
  changes certain church practices, people question
  Catholicism.
• Political/Social Religious freedom to people in
  France, Treaty of Westphalia allows leaders to
  pick religions, protestant congregations begin to
  run their own churches and towns, realize their
  own ideas are just as good as scholars, etc., and
  begin to question the world, federalism develops
  as people demand equality and a say in government.

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• Machiavelli wrote that it is best for a leader to
  be loved and feared but not possible so which one
  should a leader choose?

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• Feared

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• What did Italian Renaissance thinkers look to for
  inspiration?

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• Ancient Greek and Roman society the classics

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• Who painted the Last Supper?

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• Leonardo da Vinci

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• What does this Machiavelli quote mean, The end
  justifies the means?

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• It doesnt matter how you achieve your goals as
  long as you achieve them stay in power and
  protect your country

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• What were the four major trading cities in Italy
  during the Renaissance?

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• Genoa
• Milan
• Venice
• Florence