WAR

1
WAR

• Now God be thanked who has matched me to this
  hour
• What passing bell for those who die as cattle ?
• WAR IS
• Glorious, patriotic, brings out the best in human
  nature
• Vile, brings out the beast and the worst in human
  nature

2
Facts and Causes

• Studying wars .....
• Facts can be proved
• Causes are subjective, open to argument , bias ,
  revision .
• In an international school whose history are you
  teaching?

3
Why do people go to war ?

• Discuss with your neighbour your answers

4
Some reasons

• Honour
• Power
• Land
• Wealth
• Prestige
• Resources , oil , gold,
• Empire
• A moral purpose
• Religion
• ..Human nature !

5
Searching for truth

• Consider the point of view of each side....
• The answer is not necessarily the middle way
• Wars work through propaganda
• Nationalism can obscure the truth.
• The nearer to today the more difficult to
  consider all the evidence
• The earlier the period the more difficult for
  lack of evidence

6
Attitudes that encourage war...

• A Professional army
• Nationalism
• A strong belief in a cause
• Greed
• Glorification of war
• Propaganda

7

• Consider Henry Vs speech before Harfleur ..
• How does he create enthusiasm for war ....

8
Enthusiasm for War

• Band of brothers
• Patriotism
• National Identity
• God with us
• Sacrifice
• Honour
• Excitement
• A just cause
• Is there such a thing as a JUST WAR

9
The Criteria for waging a JUST WAR

• Just Cause
• Right intention
• Proper authority and public declaration
• Last resort
• Probability of success
• Proportionality

10
Conducting a just war

• Non combatants must not be directly attacked
• The means used for fighting should be
  proportionate to the goals
• What wars on your list would pass the test of a
  just war ?

11
Pacifism Anti-War movements

• 
  Pax Romana
• 
  (did not include barbarians )
• Quakers
  Friends
  Red Cross
• Ambulance unit
  
• 
  INDIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNERS
• Mohandas
  Ghandi William Lloyd
  Garrison
• Fellowship of
  Reconciliation Conscientious
  objectors
• Henry Hodgkin
  16,000 in WW1
• 
  67,000 in WW2 1000
  women
• 
  Martin Luther King
• 
  
• 
  Peace Pledge Union
  
• Dick
  Shepherd 1935 Campaign
  for Nuclear
  
• 
  130,000 postcards
  Disarmament
• What anti-war organisations exist in your country
  ?

12
Peace at Government LevelWho makes the decisions
?

• The Congress System - Europe
• Wilsons 14 Points end of 1914-18 war
• 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations
• Charter of the United Nations 1948
• Declaration of Human Rights
• Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
• And........
• Do you think that WW1 changed attitudes to war
  for the future ?

13

• Studying wars .....
• Remember ...causes are subjective, open to
  argument , bias , revision .
• Whose history are we teaching ?

14
W.W. 1

• 100 years after the start of WW1
• What examples can you give of good practice in
  teaching about this war ?

15

• Wars aim is nothing but glorious peace
• Peace is wars purpose
• St Augustine