Political Changes

1
Political Changes

• Initiative, referendum and recall
• Direct primary
• Australian ballot
• Voter registration
• 17 Am
• 19 Am (ERA Paul)
• Limited campaign contributions

2
Efficiency Organization

• City manager city commissioner
• Wisconsin Plan LaFollette
• businesses licenses
• 16 Am
• Federal Reserve System
• Bureau of Corporations
• RFD
• systematizing of government institutions and
  services makes it predictable and controllable
• Gas power socialism

3
Social Justice

• Brandeis Brief Muller v Oregon
• 18Am 19 AM
• Child labor laws
• Workmans compensation
• Increase for education
• Bureau of labor
• Public Health Service Sheppard-Towner
• Mann Act
• Juvenile courts
• Divorce laws
• Death penalty reform

4
Government Regulation

• Public utilities commission
• Gas power socialism
• Conservation laws
• Minimum wages maximum hours (fed)
• Consumer protection laws Pure Food Drug, Meat
  Inspection Act
• Increase regulatory agencies (FDA, FTC)
• RR regulation Hepburn, Mann-Elkins
• Tariff decrease
• Anti trust enforcement (Northern Securities,
  Taft, Clayton) trust-busting
• Safety codes

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TR 1901-1908

• The Bully Pulpit
• The Square Deal
• The trust-buster ---
• good trusts bad trusts
• Northern Securities Case restore SAT
• challenges powerful interests Morgan,
  Rockefeller, etc.
• Keeps trusts in bounds restrains
• Gentlemans Agreement

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TR

• The Square Deal Anthracite Coal Strike the
  broker
• UMW v Coal Mine owners
• TR Arbitration Mitchell ok refusal by
  owners ---TR army
• Wage and hours gains --- but no union recognition

10
Other Actions

• RR Elkins and Hepburn Acts increase power of
  ICC
• Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act
• Sinclair The Jungle
• Wiley the poison squad
• Conservation forests, parks, irrigation Pinchot
• Bureau of Commerce Labor (corporations)

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The Republican Party President William H. Taft
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Tafts Accomplishments

• Trust busting
• Conservation forestry
• 16 17 amendments
• Mann-Elkins Act rr and communications
• Federal govt 8 hr day
• Childrens Bureau
• Safety regulations and

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Tafts ordeal

• Alienates progressive wing of the party
• Cannonism
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
• 1910 Purge

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TR Returns Osawatomie, KS
Big business requires big government.
15
New Nationalism

• Increase the power of the presidency federal
  government to deal w/ changes
• National approach to problem solving
• Strong assertive leadership
• Government efficiency and expertise

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The Republican Convention

• Battle between Old Guard and Progressives

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Republican Party Platform

• Put limitations on female and child labor.
• High import tariffs.
• Workmans Compensation Laws.
• Against initiative, referendum, and recall.
• Against bad trusts.
• Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.
• Stay on the gold standard.
• Conservation of natural resources

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TR and the Progressive Party
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The Bullmoose Party
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Progressive Party Platform

• Womens suffrage.
• Graduated income tax.
• Inheritance tax for the rich.
• Lower tariffs.
• Limits on campaign spending.
• Currency reform.
• Minimum wage laws.
• Social insurance.
• Abolition of child labor.
• Workmens compensation.

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The Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs
The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am
for Socialism because I am for humanity.
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The Working Class Candidates

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President
for Vice-President
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Growth of the Socialist Vote
Year Socialist Party Socialist Labor Party Total
1888   2,068 2,068
1890   13,704 13,704
1892   21,512 21,512
1894   30,020 30,020
1896   36,275 36,274
1898   82,204 82,204
1900 96,931 33,405 130,336
1902 223,494 53,763 277,257
1904 408,230 33,546 441,776
1906 331,043 20,265 351,308
1908 424,488 14,021 438,509
1910 607,674 34,115 641,789
1912 901,873

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The Industrial Worker I. W. W.
The first American labor group to open its
membership to all wage-earning workers,
regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or
gender.
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Socialist Party Platform

• Government ownership of railroads and utilities.
• Guaranteed income tax.
• No tariffs.
• 8-hour work day.
• Better housing.
• Government inspection of factories.
• Womens suffrage.

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The Democratic Party Governor Woodrow Wilson
(NJ)
Could he rescue the Democratic Party from
Bryanism??
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The ReformGovernorof NJIt TakesTimeto
Removethe Grime
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Democratic Party Platform

• Government control of the monopolies ?
  trusts in general were bad ? eliminate them!!
  -- Competition
• States Rights limited government
• Tariff reduction.
• One-term President.
• Direct election of Senators.
• Create a Department of Labor.
• Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
• Did NOT support womens suffrage.
• Opposed to a central bank.

NewFreedom
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The Seas of OpportunityOpen Up for the
Democrats
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The Results
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Election Results

• By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for
  Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.
• The 1912 election marked the apogee of the
  Socialist movement in America.

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On Uncle Sams Farm
The Democratic party took control of the Senate
for the first time in 20 years.
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TheGOP AnExtinctAnimal?
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Wilsons Accomplishments

• Federal Reserve System
• Clayton Anti-trust Act - interlocking
  directorate recognition of unions/ no
  injunctions
• Underwood Tariff
• 18th 19th Amendments
• Used the 16th Amendment
• Federal Farm Loan Act ---Warehouse Act
• Adamson Act
• Keatings-Owen Act (Hammer v Dagenhart )
• Brandeis ---SCT
• Workmans Compensation Act
• Actions in Ludlow/RR strikes

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Assessment of Progressivism

• How effective was progressivism at addressing the
  problems of the period?
• What was the impact of progressivism on the
  expectations of people for government?
• What was the impact on the relative power of the
  legislative and executive branches?
• What is the long term assessment of the impact of
  progressivism on the nation?
• To what degree do we see progressive ideas
  operating today?