Visible Light Video Sequences

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Visible Light Video Sequences
Applications

• Juergen Thiem, Jan Rorive
• Sony Business
• Emmanuel Cordonnier
• ETIAM

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DICOM from X-Ray to VL
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Main Visible Light Modalities
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The Current Demand

• Presentation
• Publication
• Reporting
• Education

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Surgery and Intra Body Diagnosis
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In Association with Other Images
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From Still Images to Video Clips

• Digital video sequences
• Replacing analogue tapes
• For post operation reporting
• Carefully selected clips
• Archiving on DVD or Server
• Without workflow disturbance
• Associated to report for referring physicians
• Minimizing the retrieval time
• Including sound (environment, comments)

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Todays VHS Situation
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Digital Video Evolution
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Emerging Proprietary Solutions
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DICOM Proposition
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Workload PACS
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The Video Signal

• PAL is the analogue TV transmission standard used
  in Europe, and throughout many parts of the
  world. A uncompressed PAL TV (25 f/s) picture
  produces a massive 216 Mbit/sec bit stream
• The U.S. uses an analogue TV system called NTSC.
  This system provides less precise color
  information, and a different frame rate (30 f/s).
  An uncompressed NTSC signal requires slightly
  less transmission capacity at 168 Mbit/sec.
• Data rates becomes even higher when one realizes
  a High Definition TV (HDTV) picture requires a
  raw bandwidth exceeding 1 Gbit/sec (1000
  Mbit/sec).

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MPEG-2

• 1987 Discussion about compression of video
• 1988 ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group
• 1992 MPEG-2 (TV) and MPEG-3 (HDTV) combined
• 1993 MPEG-2 Main profile defined, compatible with
  MPEG-1
• 1994 ISO 13818-1 MPEG-2 Systems Definition
• 1997 First interactive Digital Video Broadcast
  service using MPEG-2
• 1998 Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) using MPEG-2
• 2000 Definition of the DVB Multimedia Home
  Platform (MHP)
• 2002 Availability of real time MPEG-2 DVD R
  writers

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Other MPEG standards

• MPEG-1, a standard for storage and retrieval of
  moving pictures and audio on storage media
• MPEG-2, for digital video
• MPEG-4, for multimedia applications (DivX)
• MPEG-7, content representation standard for
  information search
• MPEG-21 to define a multimedia framework

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Why MPEG-2

• Open, established standard
• Compatibility to DVD and Networks
• Low cost technology base
• Family inter-operability flexibility
• Scalable bit rates
• Industry Support
• and STABLE

?
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MPEG-2 Dissemination

• Systems which now use MPEG-2 is extensive and
  continuously growing
• Digital TV (cable, satellite and terrestrial
  broadcast)
• Video on Demand
• Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• Personal Computing
• Card Payment, test and measurement, etc.

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MPEG-2 Compression

• Video compression which is backwards compatible
  with MPEG-1
• Full-screen interlaced and/or progressive video
  (for TV and Computer displays)
• Enhanced audio coding (high quality, mono,
  stereo, and other audio features)
• Transport multiplexing (combining different MPEG
  streams in a single transmission stream)
• Other services (GUI, interaction, encryption,
  data transmission, etc)

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MPEG-2 Group of Pictures (GOP)
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MPEG-2 Compression
MPEG-2 provides a way to compress the digital
video signal to a manageable bit rate.
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MPEG-2 Levels Profiles

• Profile quality of the video
• Level resolution of the video
• The basic system is known as Main Profile Main
  Level (MP_at_ML) which covers video compression to
  1-15 Mbps.

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MainProfile_at_MainLevel

• 720 x 576 x 25 fps (PAL CCIR 601)
• 352 x 576 x 25 fps (PAL Half-D1)
• 720 x 480 x 30 fps (NTSC CCIR 601)
• 352 x 480 x 30 fps (NTSC Half-D1)

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MPEG-2 MP 420 Image format
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DICOM WG13 MPEG2 Work Item

• Several face to face meetings, mainly in Europe,
  and t-cons
• Supplement 42 MPEG2 Video Sequence Transfer
  Syntax
• Supplement 47 Visible Light Video Sequences
• Plan to finalize the supplements end 2003, for
  balloting early in 2004

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DVD based media exchange profile

• The DVD writers (350) and DVD-R media (2) are
  really accessible
• CD is more and more accepted and used for image
  distribution and  portable archive 
• DICOM sup 80 will be balloted soon
• WG13 proposes to
• Use the sup 80 format with VL SOP potential Key
  Object Selection for  key  sequences
• Add an informative annex suggesting how to create
  a  dual format  DVD containing the DICOM data
  and a Video DVD of the acquired / selected
  sequences for the distribution to the patient /
  referring physician

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 Dual Format  DICOM / video DVD
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Conclusion

• The demand for digital video recording in Visible
  Light Imaging is emerging
• DICOM will contribute to harmonize the different
  products
• MPEG2 MP_at_ML is the best compromise
• Network transfer and DVD media exchange
• To be adopted in VL in a couple of months
• Could be applicable elsewhere (US)