Ecology

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Ecology
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What is Ecology?

• Eco means environment
• Logy means the study of
• So, ecology is the study of environment
• What is an environment made of?
• Living things (organisms)
• Non-living things

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Ecology- the study of interactions among
_________ and between ___________ and their
environment.
organisms
organisms
living
things
Biotic factors- ________ _______ that influence
other things in the ecosystem.
Non-living
Abiotic factors- __________ ________ that have
an impact on the ecosystem.
things
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Can you use what we just learned in an
activity? List the biotic and abiotic factors in
each picture
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1
4
3
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Warm-up Answer in notebook

1. Ecology is the study of __________________________
   _.
2. An environment is made up of _______________ and
   ___________.
3. __________ factors are living things.
4. __________ factors are non-living things.

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Levels of Organization
1. Biosphere- Portions of the planet in which
life exists (largest)
2. Biome- group of ecosystems that have the same
climate communities (desert, grassland, ocean,
etc.)
3. Ecosystem- collection of living nonliving
things in one area
4. Communities- groups of different populations
in the same area (mice, deer, grass, snakes,
hawks, trees)
5. Populations-groups of the same species
6. Species-similar organisms that interbreed
(smallest)
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Levels of Organization
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Energy Flow
sunlight

• ________ is the main energy source for life on
  earth.

autotrophs
___________- (_________) organisms that can
produce their own food(plants, some bacteria,
some protists)
producers
heterotrophs
____________- (__________) organisms that rely
on other organisms for food, consumers(animals,
bacteria, protists)
consumers
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Types of Consumers
Herbivores
_____________- eat only plants
Carnivore
____________- eat only animals
Omnivore
___________- eat both plants animals
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Energy Flow
Detritivores/Scavengers
______________________- organisms that eat dead
organisms clean up the environment(vultures,
hyenas, earthworms, snails, crabs)
____________- organisms that absorb nutrients
from dead organisms and waste(fungi, bacteria)
decomposers
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Warm-up Answer in Notebook
Abiotic factors

• The pictures below are _________ ________.
• 2. The pictures below are _________ _________.
• 3. Organisms that make their own food are called
  _________________.
• 4. Organisms that consume their food are called
  _________________.

Biotic factors
autotrophs
heterotrophs
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Energy Flow Food Chains
Trophic levels- energy levels within the food
chain
1. Producers- make food
2. Primary consumers- eat producers
3. Secondary consumers- eat primary consumers
4. Tertiary consumers- eat secondary consumers
Food Chain small series of organisms and how
they transfer energy.
Plankton ? Crustaceans ? Fish ? Seals
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Energy Flow Food Webs
Food Web- all the food chains within an ecosystem
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Assignment

• Work in your lab groups.
• Construct the following on the paper provided
• 1. A food chain (with pictures names of each
  organism, label each trophic level)
• 2. A food web ( with pictures or names)

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Ecological Pyramids
Biomass- total amount of living tissue within a
trophic level

• Only about 10 of available energy is
  transferred to the next trophic level.

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Assignment

1. Review Safety Symbols (Inside cover of book)
2. Complete Inquiry Activity on p. 62 of Biology
   book.

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Focus Answer in notebook

1. The different energy levels in a food chain are
   called _______ ________.
2. How much energy is available to the next level on
   an ecological pyramid? ____
3. In the food web below, which organism is both a
   primary secondary consumer?

Trophic levels
10
snake
cricket
grass
bird
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Outdoor Exploration
1. On a piece of paper, list examples of the
following that you see outside a. abiotic
factors (x 3) b. biotic factors (x 3) c.
autotrophs (x3) d. heterotrophs (x 1) e.
population (x 1)
2. Collect the following for your group
ecosystem grass, sticks, soil, rocks)
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Symbiotic Relationships
__________- when one organism benefits and the
other is harmed.
Example a tapeworm obtains nutrients from an
organisms intestines.
___________- when both organisms benefit from
each other.
Example the cleaner fish eats the bacteria and
parasites off of the moray eel
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Symbiotic Relationships
____________- when one species benefits, and the
other is unaffected.
Example A bird uses a tree for its shelter,
which neither helps or harms the tree.
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Succession
__________- is the series of changes that occurs
in a community over time.
________ - occurs on surfaces where
no soil exists.
_______________- is when something disturbs a
community and it changes.
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Limits To Growth
_______________- are factors that cause
population growth to decrease. __ types.
1. __________________- depend on the population
size (competition, predation, parasitism, disease)
2. ___________________- affect all populations,
regardless of populations size (weather, natural
disasters, human activities)