What is ecology?

1
What is ecology?

• The scientific study of interactions between
  organisms and their environment.
• Interactions can take place between living and
  nonliving things.

2
Levels of Organization in Ecology

• Organism an individual
• Population a group of organisms of the same
  species that live in the same place at the same
  time.
• Community a collection of interacting
  populations
• Ecosystem interactions of living and nonliving
  things in the community

3
Ecology Terms
Environment

• means all the
  conditions that surround any living organism,
  both the other living things and the non-living
  things or physical surroundings.
• A Habitat-
• means all the members
  of a single species that live in a habitat,
• means all the
  populations of different organisms living
  together in a habitat
• refers to a
  community of animals, plants and micro-organisms,
  together with the habitat where they live.

A place where plants and animals live
Populations
Community
Ecosystem
4
Organism
http//people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science20
Resources/Principles20of20Ecology.pdf
5
Population
http//people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science20
Resources/Principles20of20Ecology.pdf
6
Community
http//people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science20
Resources/Principles20of20Ecology.pdf
7
Ecosystem
http//people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science20
Resources/Principles20of20Ecology.pdf
8
Distribution of organisms

• Living organisms are NOT evenly distributed
  around the world. But are adapted to live in
  particular __________________________.
• Factors that affect the habitat
• ______________- temperature range and rainfall
  allow a variety of species to live in a center
  area.
• We can group together ecosystems adapted to
  climate conditions into global ecological regions
  called______________________________.
• III. Major Biomes
• In relationship to biomes and climate

Habitat
Climate
BIOMES
9
Tundra
Taiga
Mountain
Temperate Forest
Hot grassland savannah
Tropical Rainforest
Desert
10
Abiotic Factors
Sunlight

• Nonliving parts of environment

Temperature
Water content of Soil
Humus content of soil
Soil pH nutrient levels
Rainfall levels and rate of water flow
Dissolved oxygen levels
Pollutant concentrations
11
Biotic Factors

• All the living organisms- which include these
  examples

producers
Consumers and predators
The number types of competitors for light,
food, space, Shelter, or mating opportunities
The pathogens and parasites
The number type of insects species
The number type of decomposers and
The level of species diversity
12
How organisms obtain energy

• Producers can make own food usually use energy
  from the sun (photosynthesis)
• 6CO2 12H2O ? C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O
• Consumers must eat other organisms cannot make
  own food

13
Different Types of Consumers

• Herbivore eat only plants
• Carnivore eat only animals
• Omnivore eat both plants and animals
• Decomposer break down and absorb nutrients of
  dead plants and animals
• Scavenger eat rotting flesh (like road kill)

14
Food Chain

• Shows how matter and energy move through
  ecosystem
• Arrows indicate flow of energy
• Only a portion of original energy is passed on to
  other organisms in chain (10 each link)
• Example
• Algae ? Fish ? Heron

15
Food Web

• Made up of many food chains
• Shows all possible feeding relationships in a
  community
• More realistic than a food chain, because most
  animals eat more than one thing.

16
Energy Pyramid
17
Light photosynthesis
water
Nutrients and Minerals
food
water
mates
shelter
18
Ch 19 section 3 pg 663
interdependent
Predator and prey
species
Prey
GROWs
REDUCE
19
Symbiosis
Symbiosis
Barnacles
Commensalism
20
Lichens
Mutualism
tapeworm
Parasitism
KILL
21
EcologyInterdependence of Organisms

• Lets check for understanding!

22
Question 1

• Which of these does not belong to the
• group?
• Consumer
• Human
• Fish
• Plant

23
Question 2

• All energy transformations in an ecosystem begin
  with --
• A scavenger
• A decomposer
• The Sun
• An herbivore

24
Question 3

• In a food chain, which are the most efficient
  users of solar energy?
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
• Scavengers

25
Question 4
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Identify the 1. Producers   2. Primary
Consumers   3. Secondary Consumers   4.
Herbivores   5. Carnivores   6. Omnivores
Plants, berries, leaves, nuts
Grasshopper, squirrel
Frog, mouse, rabbit
Squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit
Fox, frog, owl snake
mouse
http//www.biologycorner.com/resources/foodweb1.gi
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