CHAPTER ONE

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CHAPTER ONE

• The big picture
• the periodic table

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Matter

• Matter is all substances that occupy space and
  have mass.
• Matter has three states solid, liquid and gas.

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• The kinetic theory of matter has the following
  key points
• Matter is made up of tiny, invisible moving
  particles.
• Particles of different substances have
  different sizes.
• Lighter particles move faster than heavier ones
  at a particular temperature.
• As the temperature rises, the particles move
  faster.
• In a solid, the particles are very close and
  vibrate in fixed positions.
• In a liquid, the particles are a little further
  apart. They have more energy and they can move
  around each other.
• In a gas, the particles are far apart. They
  move rapidly and randomly in all the space that
  surrounds them.

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Atomic Theory

• Explains the structure of atoms
• Atoms are made up from sub-atomic particles.
• Protons found in the nucleus and have a
  positive charge. Relative mass of 1
• Neutrons found in the nucleus and have no
  charge. Relative mass of 1
• Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy
  levels known as shells take up most of the
  space occupied by an atom. Relative mass of
  0.0005

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The problem with Rutherfords model was that it
did not explain why the electrons did not emit
energy and how did they remain in orbit around
the nucleus?

• Niels Bohr proposed the model of electron
  configuration (electrons shells).

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Elements and Compounds
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Profile of an atom (element)

• Atomic number (Z)
• Element Name
• Element Symbol
• Mass Number (A)
• Relative Atomic Mass
• (RAM)
• Electron
• Configuration

6 Carbon C 12.01 2,4
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Periodic Table Trends

• Get out your periodic table and place the
  following trends on it.
• Groups vertical columns same electrons in
  outer shell.
• Periods horizontal rows same number of shells
• Metals and non-metals Aluminium step ladder and
  metalloids.

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